Synthesis or synthesize may refer to:

Science

Chemistry and biochemistry

Chemical synthesis As a topic of chemistry, chemical synthesis (or combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In mo ...

, the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors **

Organic synthesis Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds. Organic molecules are often more complex than inorganic compounds, and their synthesis has developed into one o ...

, the chemical synthesis of organic compounds *** Total synthesis, the complete organic synthesis of complex organic compounds, usually without the aid of biological processes ***

Convergent synthesis In chemistry a convergent synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of multistep synthesis, most often in organic synthesis. In this type of synthesis several individual pieces of a complex molecule are synthesized in stage one, a ...

or linear synthesis, a strategy to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical syntheses **

Dehydration synthesis In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion. Dehydration reactions are common processes, the reverse of a hydration reaction. Dehydration reactions in organic ...

, a chemical synthesis resulting in the loss of a water molecule * Biosynthesis, the creation of an organic compound in a living organism, usually aided by enzymes **

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored i ...

, a biochemical reaction using a carbon molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst **

Chemosynthesis In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrog ...

, the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane or an oxidized molecule as a catalyst ** Amino acid synthesis, the synthesis of an amino acid from its constituents *** Peptide synthesis, the biochemical synthesis of peptides using amino acids ****

Protein biosynthesis Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical ...

, the multi-step biochemical synthesis of proteins (long peptides) **

DNA synthesis DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure. DNA synthesis occur ...

, several biochemical processes for making DNA ***

DNA replication In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inherita ...

, DNA biosynthesis ''in vivo'' *** Synthesis (cell cycle) ** RNA synthesis, the synthesis of RNA from nucleic acids, using another nucleic acid chain as a template ** ATP synthesis, the biochemical synthesis of ATP

Physics

Nucleosynthesis Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons) and nuclei. According to current theories, the first nuclei were formed a few minutes after the Big Bang, through nuclear reactions in ...

, the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons * Kinematic synthesis, part of the process of designing a machine to achieve its objective

Electronics

Logic synthesis In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a comp ...

, the process of converting a higher-level form of a design into a lower-level implementation * High-level synthesis, an automated design process that interprets an algorithmic description of a desired behavior and creates hardware that implements that behavior * Frequency synthesizer, an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies

Speech and sound creation

* Sound synthesis, various methods of sound generation in audio electronics ** Wave field synthesis, a spatial audio rendering technique, characterized by creation of virtual acoustic environments ** Subtractive synthesis, a method of creating a sound by removing harmonics, characterised by the application of an audio filter to an audio signal ** Frequency modulation synthesis, a form of audio synthesis where the timbre of a simple waveform is changed by frequency modulating it with a modulating frequency that is also in the audio range * Speech synthesis, the artificial production of human speech

Humanities

*In philosophy, the end result of a dialectic, as in thesis, antithesis, synthesis *A cognitive skill, in Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives *In philosophy and science, a higher

a priori ("from the earlier") and ("from the later") are Latin phrases used in philosophy to distinguish types of knowledge, justification, or argument by their reliance on empirical evidence or experience. knowledge is independent from current ex ...

process than analysis *in linguistics, a scale denoting the average ratio of morphemes to words; see

synthetic language A synthetic language uses inflection or agglutination to express syntactic relationships within a sentence. Inflection is the addition of morphemes to a root word that assigns grammatical property to that word, while agglutination is the combi ...

Other uses

* Synthesis anarchism, a form of anarchist organization which tries to join anarchists of different tendencies * Synthesis (clothing), a garment or outfit worn in ancient Rome for dining or special occasions * ''Synthesis'' (Evanescence album), 2017 * ''Synthesis'' (The Cryan' Shames album), 1968 * ''Synthesis'' (journal), a journal of chemical synthesis * Program synthesis, a task in computer science to automatically generate programs from a formal specification