Synallactida is a rankless
clade of
sea cucumber
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothu ...
s, but is referred to as an
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
.
Taxa within Synallactida were previously classified in an order called Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...
in 2017.
List of families
Synallactida includes over 130
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
in three extant
families and two extinct genera:
*
Deimatidae
Deimatidae is a family of sea cucumbers belonging to the clade Synallactida.
Genera
The following genera are recognised in the family Deimatidae:
* ''Deima
The Deyma (russian: link=no, Дейма; german: link=no, Deime; lt, link=no, Deimena) i ...
Théel, 1882 – 3 genera
*
Stichopodidae Haeckel, 1896 – 9 genera
*
Synallactidae Ludwig, 1894 – 12 genera
* Genus †''
Collbatothuria''
Smith & Gallemí, 1991
* Genus †''
Tribrachiodemas''
Reich, 2010
Image:Parastichopus californicus.jpg, ''Apostichopus californicus
The California sea cucumber (''Apostichopus californicus''), also known as the giant California sea cucumber, is a sea cucumber that can be found from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. It is found from the low intertidal zone to a depth of . ...
''
Image:Australostichopus mollis P1222859.JPG, ''Australostichopus mollis
''Australostichopus'' is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Stichopodidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species ''Australostichopus mollis'',Moraes,G., Norhcote, P.C., Kalinin,V.I. ,Avilov, S.A., Silchenko,A.S., Dmitren ...
''
Image:Isostichopus badionotus.jpg, ''Isostichopus badionotus
''Isostichopus badionotus'', also known as the chocolate chip cucumber or the cookie dough sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Stichopodidae. This common species is found in warm parts of the Atlantic Ocean.
Description
Th ...
''
Image:Stichopus chloronotus Réunion.jpg, ''Stichopus chloronotus
''Stichopus chloronotus'' is a species of sea cucumber. Common names include the greenfish sea cucumber, the spiky sea cucumber and the black knobby sea cucumber.
It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. It has a wide range and is abundant and t ...
''
Image:Stichopus sp.png, ''Isostichopus fuscus
''Isostichopus fuscus'', commonly known as the brown sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Stichopodidae native to the eastern Pacific. It was first described to science by German biologist Hubert Ludwig in 1875.
It has a thi ...
''
Image:Thelenota anax.jpg, '' Thelenota anax''
References
{{Holothuroidea-stub