The Symmocinae are a subfamily of

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...

s in the

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

Gelechioidea __NOTOC__ Gelechioidea (from the type genus '' Gelechia'', "keeping to the ground") is the superfamily of moths that contains the case-bearers, twirler moths, and relatives, also simply called curved-horn moths or gelechioid moths. It is a large ...

. These small moths are found mainly in the

Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ...

and

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

. In modern treatments, they are usually united with the

concealer moth Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this. ...

family

Autostichidae Autostichidae is a family of moths in the moth superfamily Gelechioidea __NOTOC__ Gelechioidea (from the type genus '' Gelechia'', "keeping to the ground") is the superfamily of moths that contains the case-bearers, twirler moths, and relatives ...

History of classification

They have traditionally been considered close relatives of the

Blastobasidae The Blastobasidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. Its species can be found almost anywhere in the world, though in some places they are not native but introduced by humans. In some arrangements, these moths are included in ...

, where they were sometimes included as subfamily ''Symmocinae''. In arrangements that include the former in the

case-bearer __NOTOC__ The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are foun ...

family (Coleophoridae) as subfamily Blastobasinae, the Symmocidae were usually treated as

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

''Symmocini''. Alternatively, they have been united with the

Holcopogonidae __NOTOC__ The Holcopogoninae are a subfamily of moths. They belong to the huge the superfamily Gelechioidea, of which they represent a minor but apparently quite distinct lineage.Fauna Europaea (2009)Holcopogoninae Version 2.1, 2009-DEC-22. Retri ...

; in such a treatment the combined group is typically not included in the concealer moth family (Oecophoridae) but treated as distinct family Autostichidae or Symmocidae, with the respective subfamilies downranked to tribes. Another group proposed to be a close relative is the Xyloryctinae, usually included in the Oecophoridae wherever the Symmocidae are. More recently, with additional data and

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analyses becoming available, the Symmocidae are reinstated as a family in their own right, pending further study of gelechioid interrelationships. Regardless of their systematic position and taxonomic rank, the group was usually divided into two groups, one centered on ''

Oegoconia ''Oegoconia'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Species * '' Oegoconia annae'' Sutter, 2007 * '' Oegoconia ariadne'' Gozmány, 1988 * '' Oegoconia caradjai'' Popescu-Gorj & Capuse, 1965 * '' Oegoconia ceres'' Sutter, 2007 * '' Oegocon ...

'' and the other encompassing those

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

closer to '' Symmoca''. The former is called ''Oegoconiinae'' or ''Oegoconiini'' and the latter Symmocinae or Symmocini, depending on whether the overall group is treated as family or subfamily. While the overall circumscription and the relationships of the Symmocidae are essentially unresolved, the Oegoconiinae-Symmocinae subdivision seems to be quite well warranted.

Taxonomy and systematics

Genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

of Symmocinae are:ABRS (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2001) Symmocini * ''

Ambloma ''Ambloma'' is a genus of moths in the family Autostichidae. Species * '' Ambloma brachyptera'' Walsingham, 908 __NOTOC__ Year 908 ( CMVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

'' Walsingham,

908 __NOTOC__ Year 908 ( CMVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 15 – The three-year-old Constantine VII, the son of Emperor Le ...

/small> * ''

Amselina ''Amselina'' is a genus of small moths in the family Autostichidae (subfamily Symmocinae The Symmocinae are a subfamily of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. These small moths are found mainly in the Palearctic and Africa. In modern treatm ...

'' Gozmány, 1957 * '' Apiletria'' Lederer, 1855 * '' Aprominta'' Gozmány, 1957 * '' Catasphalma'' Gozmány, 1957 * '' Chersogenes'' Walsingham, 1908 * '' Donaspastus'' Gozmány, 1952 * '' Dysspastus'' Gozmány, 1964 * '' Epanastasis'' Walsingham, 1908 * '' Metaxitagma'' Gozmány, 1985 * '' Nukusa'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''

Orpecacantha ''Orpecacantha'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...

'' Gozmány, 2008 * ''

Orpecovalva ''Orpecovalva'' is a Palearctic'' of moths in the family Autostichidae. Species *''Orpecovalva acantha'' (Gozmány, 1963) *''Orpecovalva diadema'' Gozmány, 1977 *''Orpecovalva glaseri'' Gozmány, 1977 *''Orpecovalva kasyi'' Gozmány, 1988 *''Orp ...

'' Gozmány, 1964 * '' Pantacordis'' Gozmány, 1954 * ''

Stibaromacha ''Stibaromacha'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Species * '' Stibaromacha ratella'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) * '' Stibaromacha ratellina'' (Turati, 1919) References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Meyrick, 1928 * '' Symmoca'' Hübner, 1825 * '' Symmocoides'' Amsel, 1939 * ''

Telephirca ''Telephirca quadrifariella'' is a moth of the family '' Autostichidae'' and the only species in the genus ''Telephirca''. It is found on Corsica and Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardign ...

'' Gozmány, 1957 Unknown placement * ''

Acrosyntaxis ''Acrosyntaxis'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Species * '' Acrosyntaxis accretans'' Gozmány, 2008 * '' Acrosyntaxis anagramma'' Gozmány, 2008 * '' Acrosyntaxis anasyra'' Gozmány, 2008 * '' Acrosyntaxis angustipennis'' (Rebe ...

'' Gozmány, 1957 * ''

Afrosymmoca ''Afrosymmoca'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Species * '' Afrosymmoca seydeli'' Gozmány, 1966 * '' Afrosymmoca straminea'' Gozmány, 1966 References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1966 * '' Aspronympha'' Gozmány, 2008 * ''

Chionellidea ''Chionellidea'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Chionellidea leucella'', which is found in Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (regio ...

'' Amsel, 1940 * ''

Concordaxis ''Concordaxis'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Autostichidae first described by László Anthony Gozmány in 2008. Its single species, ''Concordaxis convergens'', described by the same author in the same year, is found in Iran ...

'' Gozmány, 2008 * ''

Cornusymmoca ''Cornusymmoca'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Cornusymmoca mongolica'', which is found in Mongolia. References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1965 * ''

Dyscordaxis ''Dyscordaxis'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Dyscordaxis pygmeus'', which is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Katanga). References Symmocinae Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic ...

'' Gozmány, 1975 * ''

Eremica Eremica is a genus of moth genus belonging to the family Autostichidae. This genus includes species such as Eremica saharae, described by Walsingham in 1904, and Eremica molitor, described by Walsingham in 1905. These moths, like others in th ...

'' Walsingham, 1904 * ''

Eremicamura ''Eremicamura'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Eremicamura mercuriata'', which is found in the Russian Far East (Amur). References

Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1962 * '' Gerdana'' Busck, 1908 * ''

Hecestoptera ''Hecestoptera'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Hecestoptera kyra'', which is found in Kurdistan. References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1961 * ''

Hieronala ''Hieronala'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Hieronala huri'', which is found in Afghanistan. References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''

Indiospastus ''Indiospastus'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Indiospastus epenthetica'', which is found in India ( Sikkim). References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1967 * ''

Kertomesis ''Kertomesis'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Species * ''Kertomesis acatharta'' (Meyrick, 1911) * ''Kertomesis amblycryptis'' (Meyrick, 1929) * ''Kertomesis amphicalyx'' (Meyrick, 1911) * ''Kertomesis anaphracta'' (Meyrick, 1907) * ...

'' Gozmány, 1962 * ''

Kullashara ''Kullashara'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Kullashara kalifella'', which is found in Iran. References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''

Leilaptera ''Leilaptera'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Leilaptera lithochroma'', which is found in Algeria. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''

Morotripta ''Morotripta'' is a genus of moths of the family Autostichidae. It was formerly placed in the Yponomeutidae. Species *'' Morotripta argillacea'' Mey, 2011 *'' Morotripta fatigata'' Meyrick, 1917 References Symmocinae {{Symmocina ...

'' Meyrick, 1917 * ''

Mylothra ''Mylothra'' is a genus of moths in the family Autostichidae. Species *''Mylothra christophi'' Gozmány, 1967 *''Mylothra creseritis'' Meyrick, 1907 *''Mylothra forsteri'' (Gozmany, 1963) *''Mylothra maga'' (Gozmany, 1963) *''Mylothra mithra'' ( ...

'' Meyrick, 1907 * '' Nastoceras'' Chrétien in Oberthür, 1922 * ''

Nestorellus ''Nestorellus'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Nestorellus meyricki'', which is found in Uzbekistan. References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gerasimov, 1930 * †'' Oegoconiites'' Kusnetsov, 1941 * ''

Pecteneremus ''Pecteneremus'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Species * ''Pecteneremus albella'' (Amsel, 1959) * ''Pecteneremus decipiens'' Gozmány, 1967 * ''Pecteneremus padishah'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''Pecteneremus pharaoh'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''P ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''

Sagarancona ''Sagarancona'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Sagarancona sericiella'', which is found in Algeria. The wingspan is 12–14 mm. The forewings are shining, silky, yellowish white, with a faint indicati ...

'' Gozmány, 1964 * ''

Sceptea ''Sceptea'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. Its name comes from the Greek ' meaning "to be considered". Species * '' Sceptea aequepulvella'' (Chambers, 1872) * '' Sceptea decedens'' Walsingham, 1911 References Symmocinae ...

'' Walsingham, 1911 * '' Serendipitia'' Gozmány, 2008 * ''

Spinitibia ''Spinitibia'' is a genus of moths in the family Autostichidae. It contains only one species, ''Spinitibia hodgesi'', which is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, ...

'' Lee & Brown, 2010 * ''

Symmacantha ''Symmacantha'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Autostichidae described by László Anthony Gozmány in 1963. It contains the species ''Symmacantha sparsella'', described by Joseph de Joannis in 1891, which is found in Palestine (region), ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 * †'' Symmocites'' Kusnetsov, 1941 * ''

Synchordaxis ''Synchordaxis'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Autostichidae first described by László Anthony Gozmány in 2008. Its single species, ''Synchordaxis synnepha'', described by the same author in the same year, is found in Afghanist ...

'' Gozmány, 2008 * ''

Syssymmoca ''Syssymmoca'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Syssymmoca sahib'', which is found in Iran. References Symmocinae {{Symmocinae-stub ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 * ''

Taygete In Classical Greek mythology, Taygete el, Ταϋγέτη, , ) was a nymph, one of the Pleiades according to the '' Bibliotheca'' (3.10.1) and a companion of Artemis, in her archaic role as '' potnia theron'', "Mistress of the animals", with its ...

'' Chambers, 1873 * '' Tenieta'' Amsel, 1942 * ''

Xenoplaxa ''Xenoplaxa'' is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae. It contains the species ''Xenoplaxa seraf'', which is found in Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ...

'' Gozmány, 1963 ''

'' is sometimes placed in the Symmocinae, but others consider it a member of the

Gelechiidae The Gelechiidae are a family of moths commonly referred to as twirler moths or gelechiid moths. They are the namesake family of the huge and little-studied superfamily Gelechioidea, and the family's taxonomy has been subject to considerable d ...

Footnotes

References

* (2008): Australian Faunal Directory &ndash
Symmocidae
Version of 2008-OCT-09. Retrieved 2010-APR-29. * (2009)
Symmocinae
'sic''">sic.html" ;"title="'sic">'sic'' Version 2.1, 2009-DEC-22. Retrieved 2010-APR-29. * (2001): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms &ndash
Symmocinae
'sic''">sic.html" ;"title="'sic">'sic'' Version of 2001-NOV-08. Retrieved 2010-APR-29. * (2008)
Coleophoridae
Version of 2008-MAY-01. Retrieved 2010-APR-28. {{Taxonbar">from=Q4419671 Autostichidae Moth subfamilies