''Symmachia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

in the butterfly family

Riodinidae Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, t ...

present only in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi ...

. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few species, presumably owing to a mimetic transformation. This widening of the forewing is accompanied by a peculiar flight resembling that of ''

Thecla Thecla ( grc, Θέκλα, ) was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal '' Acts of Paul and Thecla''. Church tradition The ''Act ...

'', which becomes very conspicuous in the non-mimetic species, whereas in the mimetic species it is replaced by that of the causal originals to which reference is made in the single species, and which may more correctly be eliminated from the genus. They are more closely allied to the '' Gricosoma'' than the non-mimetic species, but we shall here give the precedence to the more typical forms. Many ''Symmachia'' are great rarities, and they are extremely peculiar in the shape as well as in the colouring. They fly in the day time, not continuously, and rest beneath leaves.

Species

*''

Symmachia aconia ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1876 present in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

*''

Symmachia accusatrix ''Symmachia accusatrix'' is a butterfly species present in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and re ...

'' Westwood, 1851 present in

Mexico Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guate ...

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar language, Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechuan ...

, Colombia, Brazil and

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

*''

Symmachia almeidai ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Zikán, 1946) present in Brazil *''

Symmachia arcuata ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil *''

Symmachia arion ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1865) present in Brazil and Colombia *''

Symmachia aurigera ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Weeks, 1902) present in Colombia *''

Symmachia basilissa ''Symmachia basilissa'' is a butterfly species of the family Riodinidae. It is present in Brazil and French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments a ...

'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil and French Guiana *''

Symmachia batesi ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Staudinger,

887 __NOTOC__ Year 887 ( DCCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * November 17 – East Frankish magnates revolt against the inept emperor ...

present in Brazil *''

Symmachia calderoni ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hall & Lamas, 2001 present in

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*''

Symmachia calligrapha ''Symmachia calligrapha'' is a butterfly species of the family Riodinidae. It is present in Brazil (Pará) and French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas dep ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *''

Symmachia calliste ''Symmachia calliste'' is a butterfly species of the family Riodinidae. It is present in Colombia, Brazil, Nicaragua and French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an ove ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil, Colombia,

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean Sea, Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to ...

and French Guiana *''

Symmachia elinas ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Rebillard, 1958) present in Brazil *''

Symmachia eraste ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia emeralda'' Hall & Harvey, 2002 present in Ecuador and French Guiana *'' Symmachia estellina'' present in French Guiana *''

Symmachia exigua ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil *''

Symmachia falcistriga ''Symmachia falcistriga'' is a butterfly species in the family Riodinidae. It is present in Bolivia, Brazil, and French Guiana. Subspecies *''Symmachia falcistriga falcistriga'' (Bolivia, Brazil: Amazonas) *''Symmachia falcistriga meyi'' Brévi ...

'' Stichel, 1910 present in French Guiana,

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

and Brazil *'' Symmachia fassli'' Hall & Willmott, 1995 present in Ecuador *''

Symmachia fulvicauda ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Stichel, 1924 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia hazelana'' Hall & Willmott, 1996 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia hetaerina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and Peru *'' Symmachia hippea'' Herrich-Schäffer,

853 __NOTOC__ Year 853 ( DCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and d ...

/small> present in French Guiana, Guyana and

Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north ...

*''

Symmachia hippodice ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Godman, 1903 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia jugurtha'' Staudinger,

/small> present in Colombia *''

Symmachia juratrix ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Westwood, 1851 present in Brazil and French Guiana *''

Symmachia leena ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1870 present in Mexico,

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...

, Nicaragua, Colombia, French Guiana and Brazil *'' Symmachia leopardinum'' (C. & R. Felder, 1865) present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia maeonius'' Staudinger, 1888 present in Brazil *''

Symmachia menetas ''Symmachia menetas'' is a species in the butterfly family Riodinidae found in Brazil and Suriname. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782. Description Upperside. Antennae black. Front of the head yellow. Thorax black, with two yellow st ...

'' (Drury, 1782) present in Suriname and Brazil *''

Symmachia miron ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Grose-Smith, 1898 present in French Guiana and Ecuador *''

Symmachia multesima ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia and French Guiana *''

Symmachia nemesis ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Le Cerf, 1958 present in Brazil. *''

Symmachia norina ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia pardalia'' Stichel, 1924 present in Peru *''

Symmachia pardalis ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia phaedra'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil and Ecuador *'' Symmachia poirieri'' Gallard, 2009 present in French GuianaLambillionea n° 2-juin 2009 *'' Symmachia praxilla'' Westwood, 1851 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia probetor'' (Stoll,

782 __NOTOC__ Year 782 ( DCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 782 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method i ...

present in Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil *'' Symmachia rita'' Staudinger,

/small> synonym of ''

'' *''

Symmachia rosanti ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' present in French Guiana *''

Symmachia rubrica ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Stichel, 1929) present in Colombia and Ecuador *'' Symmachia rubina'' Bates, 1866 present in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Brazil *''

Symmachia sepyra ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Hewitson, 1877) present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia splendida'' (Salazar & Constantino, 1993) present in Colombia *''

Symmachia stigmosissima ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Stichel, 1910 present in Bolivia and French Guiana *''

Symmachia suevia ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1877 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia technema'' Stichel, 1910 present in Suriname, French Guiana and

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, small ...

*'' Symmachia threissa'' Hewitson, 1870 present in French Guiana, Colombia and Nicaragua *''

Symmachia tigrina ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *''

Symmachia titiana ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1870 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia triangularis'' (Thieme, 1907) present in Colombia and French Guiana *''

Symmachia tricolor ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru and French Guiana *''

Symmachia virgatula ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago and French Guiana *''

Symmachia virgaurea ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia *'' Symmachia xypete'' (Hewitson, 1870) present in Nicaragua and Panama

Sources

''Symmachia''
at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1764943 Riodinidae of South America Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner