''Symmachia'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few species, presumably owing to a mimetic transformation. This widening of the forewing is accompanied by a peculiar flight resembling that of '' Thecla'', which becomes very conspicuous in the non-mimetic species, whereas in the mimetic species it is replaced by that of the causal originals to which reference is made in the single species, and which may more correctly be eliminated from the genus. They are more closely allied to the '' Gricosoma'' than the non-mimetic species, but we shall here give the precedence to the more typical forms. Many ''Symmachia'' are great rarities, and they are extremely peculiar in the shape as well as in the colouring. They fly in the day time, not continuously, and rest beneath leaves.

Species

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Symmachia aconia ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few spec ...

'' Hewitson, 1876 present in

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

*'' Symmachia accusatrix'' Westwood, 1851 present in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

, Brazil and

French Guiana French Guiana, or Guyane in French, is an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies. Bordered by Suriname to the west ...

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Symmachia almeidai ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few spec ...

'' (Zikán, 1946) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia arcuata'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil *''

Symmachia arion ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few speci ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1865) present in Brazil and Colombia *'' Symmachia aurigera'' (Weeks, 1902) present in Colombia *'' Symmachia basilissa'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia batesi'' (Staudinger, 887 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia calderoni'' Hall & Lamas, 2001 present in

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

*'' Symmachia calligrapha'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia calliste'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil, Colombia,

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

and French Guiana *''

Symmachia elinas ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few spec ...

'' (Rebillard, 1958) present in Brazil *''

Symmachia eraste ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few spec ...

'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia emeralda'' Hall & Harvey, 2002 present in Ecuador and French Guiana *'' Symmachia estellina'' present in French Guiana *''

Symmachia exigua ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few spec ...

'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia falcistriga'' Stichel, 1910 present in French Guiana,

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

and Brazil *'' Symmachia fassli'' Hall & Willmott, 1995 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia fulvicauda'' Stichel, 1924 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia hazelana'' Hall & Willmott, 1996 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia hetaerina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and Peru *'' Symmachia hippea'' Herrich-Schäffer, 853/small> present in French Guiana,

Guyana Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic British West Indies. entry "Guyana" Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the co ...

and

Suriname Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern South America, also considered as part of the Caribbean and the West Indies. It is a developing country with a Human Development Index, high level of human development; i ...

*'' Symmachia hippodice'' Godman, 1903 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia jugurtha'' Staudinger, 887/small> present in Colombia *'' Symmachia juratrix'' Westwood, 1851 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia leena'' Hewitson, 1870 present in Mexico,

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

, Nicaragua, Colombia, French Guiana and Brazil *'' Symmachia leopardinum'' (C. & R. Felder, 1865) present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia maeonius'' Staudinger, 1888 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia menetas'' (Drury, 1782) present in Suriname and Brazil *'' Symmachia miron'' Grose-Smith, 1898 present in French Guiana and Ecuador *'' Symmachia multesima'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia and French Guiana *'' Symmachia nemesis'' Le Cerf, 1958 present in Brazil. *'' Symmachia norina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia pardalia'' Stichel, 1924 present in Peru *'' Symmachia pardalis'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia phaedra'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil and Ecuador *'' Symmachia poirieri'' Gallard, 2009 present in French GuianaLambillionea n° 2-juin 2009 *'' Symmachia praxilla'' Westwood, 1851 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia probetor'' (Stoll, 782 present in Mexico, Nicaragua,

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil *'' Symmachia rita'' Staudinger, 887/small> synonym of '' Symmachia norina'' *'' Symmachia rosanti'' present in French Guiana *'' Symmachia rubrica'' (Stichel, 1929) present in Colombia and Ecuador *'' Symmachia rubina'' Bates, 1866 present in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Brazil *'' Symmachia sepyra'' (Hewitson, 1877) present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia splendida'' (Salazar & Constantino, 1993) present in Colombia *'' Symmachia stigmosissima'' Stichel, 1910 present in Bolivia and French Guiana *'' Symmachia suevia'' Hewitson, 1877 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia technema'' Stichel, 1910 present in Suriname, French Guiana and

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean, comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with several List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, smaller i ...

*'' Symmachia threissa'' Hewitson, 1870 present in French Guiana, Colombia and Nicaragua *'' Symmachia tigrina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia titiana'' Hewitson, 1870 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia triangularis'' (Thieme, 1907) present in Colombia and French Guiana *'' Symmachia tricolor'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru and French Guiana *'' Symmachia virgatula'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago and French Guiana *'' Symmachia virgaurea'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia *'' Symmachia xypete'' (Hewitson, 1870) present in Nicaragua and Panama

References

''Symmachia''
at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera

External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q1764943 Riodinidae of South America Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner Taxa described in 1819