Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie or Syarif Abdul Rahman Al Qadri 23 October 1771 (12 Rajab 1185) – 28 February 1808 (2 Muharram 1223 H), was the founder and the first

Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

Pontianak Pontianak, also known as Khuntien in Teochew and Hakka, is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, founded first as a trading port on the island of Borneo, occupying an area of 118.21 km2 in the delta of the Kapuas R ...

. He was born in 1729/1730 (1142 H), and was the son of Syarif Habib Husein bin Ahmad Al Qadri, an Arab preacher and propagator of Islamic teachings. His mother was Nyai Tua Utin Kabanat, daughter of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin of Matan.

Biography

Three months after his father died in Mempawah, Syarif Abdurrahman together with his brothers agreed to find a new residence. They set off with 14 boats down the Peniti River. When it was time for Dhuhur prayer, they arrived at a headland, where Syarif Abdurrahman and his followers settled. The place is now known as Kelapa Tinngi Segedong. However, Abdurrahman felt that the place was not suitable to live in and decided to continue his journey upstream. While walking down the

Kapuas River The Kapuas River ( Old Indonesian spelling: Kapoeas River) is a river in the Indonesian part of Borneo island, at the geographic center of Maritime Southeast Asia. At in length, it is the longest river on the island of Borneo, the longest ri ...

, they found an island which is now called Batu Layang, where Syarif Abdurrahman and his descendants are buried. On the island they got disturbed by the '' ghost of Pontianak or Kuntilanak''. Syarif Abdurrahman then ordered all his followers to fight the ghosts. The group later continued their journey down the

. Towards the dawn of the 23rd of October 1771, they arrived at the junction of the

and the Landak River. After eight days of cutting down trees on the island, Abdurrahman then built a house and a hall, and then the place was named

. In that place now stands the Jami Mosque and the Kadriyah Palace. Finally, on the 31st of August 1778, attended by the Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Riau-Lingga, Raja of Mempawah, Raja of Landak, Raja of Kubu, and Sultan of Matan, Syarif Abdurrahman was crowned the Sultan of Pontianak with the title: ''Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman ibni Habib Husein Alkadrie''. Under his leadership, the Sultanate developed as a port and trade city that was quite respected.

Reign

At the beginning of his leadership, there was a conflict between Pontianak and the Landak Kingdom regarding a territorial dispute. The Landak Kingdom claimed that the territory occupied by the Pontianak Sultanate was its territory. The Dutch who saw this conflict used it to exert influence in

Kalimantan Kalimantan (; ) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Ind ...

. In late 1778, the Dutch sent their envoys to Pontianak to begin negotiations with Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman, but this failed. However, because the power of Banten, which controlled the conflict area, was getting weaker, its territory was finally transferred to the Dutch. The Dutch, eager to establish a representative office in Pontianak, sent envoys in mid-1779. Finally, an agreement was agreed with Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman, which stated that the Dutch would lend the Pontianak and Sanggau areas to the Sultan of Pontianak. This event marked the start of Dutch rule in Pontianak, which later developed into a trade monopoly. After that, Pontianak was obliged to hand over all the commodities that the Dutch wanted. The planting of crops was also closely monitored by the Dutch. In addition, export and import taxes must be shared between the Netherlands and the Pontianak Sultanate. The Pontianak Sultanate also allowed the Dutch to build a fort west of the Kapuas River.

Death

Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie died on a Friday evening, on 28 February 1808 (2 Muharram 1223 H). He was succeeded by his son, Sultan Syarif Kasim Alkadrie.

Lineage

Syarif Abd al-Rahman Al Qadri was a Ba 'Alawi

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...

and his lineage is recorded as follows: He is Abd al-Rahman bin Husayn, bin Ahmad, bin Husayn, bin Muhammad al-Qadri, bin Salim, bin Abd Allah, bin Muhammad, bin Salim, bin Ahmad, bin Abd al-Rahman, bin Ali, bin Muhammad Jamal al-Layl, bin Hasan, bin Muhammad Asad Allah, bin Hasan al-Turabi, bin Ali, bin

Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī Bā ʿAlawī () commonly known as al-Faqīh al-Muqaddam (), ; 574 H - 653 H or 1178 CE - 1232 CE) is known as the founder of Ba 'Alawiyya Sufi order which has influenced Sufism in Yemen, Pakistan, India and Southeast Asia ...

, bin Ali, bin Muhammad Sahib al-Mirbat, bin Ali Khali Qasam, bin Alawi al-Thani, bin Muhammad Sahib al-Sawma'ah, bin Alawi al-Awwal, bin Ubayd Allah, bin

Ahmad al-Muhajir Ahmad al-Muhajir (, ', ; 260-345 Hijri year, AH or c. 873-956 Common Era, CE), also known as al-Imām Aḥmad ibn ʿĪsā, was an Islamic scholar and the founder of Ba 'Alawi sada group which is instrumental in spreading Islam to India, Southeast ...

, bin Isa al-Rumi, bin Muhammad al-Naqib, bin

Ali al-Uraydi Ali al-Uraydi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, () better known simply as Ali al-Uraydi, was the son of Ja'far al-Sadiq and the brother of Isma'il, Musa al-Kazim, Abdullah al-Aftah, and Muhammad Al-Dibaj. He was known by the title al-Uraydi, because he liv ...

, bin

Ja'far al-Sadiq Ja'far al-Sadiq (; –765) was a Muslim hadith transmitter and the last agreed-upon Shia Imam between the Twelvers and Isma'ilis. Known by the title al-Sadiq ("The Truthful"), Ja'far was the eponymous founder of the Ja'fari school of Isla ...

, bin

Muhammad al-Baqir Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir (; ) was a descendant of the prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad and the fifth of the Twelve Imams, twelve Shia imams, succeeding his father, Ali al-Sajjad, and succeeded by his son, Ja'far al-Sad ...

, bin

Ali Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until his assassination in 661, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib an ...

, bin

Husayn Hussein, Hossein, Hussain, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein, Hussin, Hoessein, Houcine, Hocine or Husain (; ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-N (), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "handsome" or ...

, bin

Ali bin Abi Talib Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until Assassination of Ali, his assassination in 661, as well as the first imamate in Shia doctrine, Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muha ...

and Fatimah al-Zahra, the daughter of

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

References

{{s-end 1771 births 1808 deaths People from West Kalimantan