The ''Swan'' class were built as a 14-gun class of
ship sloops for the
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
, although an extra two guns were added soon after completion.
Design
The class was designed by the Surveyor of the Navy,
John Williams
John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932)Nylund, Rob (November 15, 2022)Classic Connection review, ''WBOI'' ("For the second time this year, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic honored American composer, conductor, and arranger John Williams, who w ...
, and two vessels to this design (
''Swan'' and
''Kingfisher'') were ordered in January 1766. Twenty-three more were ordered to the
same design between 1773 and 1779; they formed the 'standard' ship sloop design of the British Navy during the
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...
, during which eleven of them were lost. Surviving vessels went on to serve during the
French Revolutionary War
The French Revolutionary Wars () were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted France against Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and several other countries ...
and
Napoleonic War
{{Infobox military conflict
, conflict = Napoleonic Wars
, partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
, image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg
, caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...
.
The design provided for 16 gunports (8 per side, excluding the bridle-ports) but one pair was initially left unoccupied, and the ships were always rated at 14 guns. However an eighth pair of guns was added from 1780 onwards to utilise the vacant ports, without any change in the nominal rating.
The ''Swan'' class sloops were unusually attractive for the type of vessel. Not only did they have sleek hull lines but they also carried an unusual amount of decoration for their size. They were built just before the Admiralty issued orders that all vessels (especially lesser rates and unrated vessels) should have minimal decoration and carvings to save on costs, due to the seemingly ever-continuing war with France and other nations.
Construction
Following the initial 1766 order for two ships, a second pair was ordered in 1773 (
''Cygnet'' and
''Atalanta'') and a further five in 1775 (
''Pegasus'' in April,
''Fly'' in August, and
''Swift'',
''Dispatch'' and
''Fortune'' in October); all these were built in the Royal Dockyards. Another five were contracted in November 1775 to be built by commercial shipbuilders (
''Hound'',
''Hornet'',
''Vulture'',
''Spy'' and
''Cormorant''), and a further pair during 1776 (
''Zebra'' and
''Cameleon''). Another two were ordered from the Royal Dockyards in January 1777 (
''Fairy'' and
''Nymph'') and a final seven from commercial constructors over the following 30 months (
''Savage'',
''Fury'',
''Delight'' and
''Thorn'' during 1777,
''Bonetta'' and
''Shark'' during 1778, and
''Alligator'' in 1779).
Ships
References
*''
British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714-1792'', Rif Winfield, Seaforth Publishing, 2007.
*''
British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1793-1817'', Rif Winfield, Seaforth Publishing, 2007. {{ISBN, 978-1-84415-717-4
Sloop classes