Svratka River
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The Svratka (; ) is a
river A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...
in the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
, a left
tributary A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...
of the
Thaya The Thaya (, ) is a river in the Czech Republic and Austria, a right tributary of the Morava (river), Morava River. It flows through the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic and through Lower Austria in Austria. It is formed by the conflue ...
River. It flows through the Vysočina and South Moravian regions, including the city of
Brno Brno ( , ; ) is a Statutory city (Czech Republic), city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava (river), Svitava and Svratka (river), Svratka rivers, Brno has about 403,000 inhabitants, making ...
. It is long, making it the 9th longest river in the Czech Republic.


Etymology

According to one theory, the name originates from the
Proto-Slavic Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium BC through the 6th ...
verb ''vort'' (''vrátit'' in modern Czech), which meant "to return". It denoted "a returning river" (which meant meandering river). Another theory is that the name was derived from the Germanic ''Swarta'', which meant "black water". Sometimes the river was colloquially referred to as ''Švarcava'' or ''Švorcava''.


Characteristic

The Svratka originates in the territory of
Cikháj Cikháj () is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Etymology The name has its origin probably in the Czech word ''žíhání'' that once meant 'sla ...
in the
Upper Svratka Highlands The Upper Svratka Highlands (, ) is a mountain range in Moravia, Czech Republic. The Highlands, together with the Křižanov Highlands threshold, form the Western-Moravian part of Moldanubian Zone – east south part of Bohemian Massif. Geogra ...
at an elevation of and flows to the
Nové Mlýny reservoirs The Nové Mlýny reservoirs () are three reservoirs behind the Nové Mlýny Dam on the Thaya River in the Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central E ...
, where it enters the Thaya River in Dolní Věstonice at an elevation of . It is long, making it the 9th longest river in the Czech Republic. Its
drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
has an area of . The longest tributaries of the Svratka are:


Settlements

The most notable settlement on the Svratka is the city of
Brno Brno ( , ; ) is a Statutory city (Czech Republic), city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava (river), Svitava and Svratka (river), Svratka rivers, Brno has about 403,000 inhabitants, making ...
, where the Svitava flows into the river. The river flows past the following municipalities:
Cikháj Cikháj () is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Etymology The name has its origin probably in the Czech word ''žíhání'' that once meant 'sla ...
, Herálec, Svratka,
Křižánky Křižánky is a municipality in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. Most of the built-up area with well preserved folk architecture is protected as a village monument reservat ...
,
Březiny Březiny is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Březiny lies approximately west of Svitavy, south-east of Pardubice, and east of Prague Prague ( ; ...
, Krásné,
Spělkov Spělkov is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 30 inhabitants. Spělkov lies approximately north-east of Žďár nad Sázavou, north-east of Jihlava, and east ...
,
Telecí Telecí is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. Telecí lies approximately west of Svitavy, south-east of Pardubice, and east of Prague Prague ( ; ) ...
, Borovnice,
Jimramov Jimramov () is a market town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monume ...
,
Strachujov Strachujov is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Strachujov lies approximately east of Žďár nad Sázavou, north-east of Jihlava, and east o ...
,
Unčín Unčín is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Unčín lies approximately east of Žďár nad Sázavou, north-east of Jihlava, and east of Prag ...
,
Dalečín Dalečín is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. Administrative division Dalečín consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population accor ...
,
Chlum-Korouhvice Chlum-Korouhvice is a municipality in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 40 inhabitants. Chlum-Korouhvice lies approximately east of Žďár nad Sázavou, east of Jihlava, and south-east of ...
,
Vír Vír () is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. It lies on the Svratka River. Vír lies approximately east of Žďár nad Sázavou, east of Jihl ...
,
Koroužné Koroužné is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Koroužné lies approximately east of Žďár nad Sázavou, east of Jihlava, and south-east o ...
,
Štěpánov nad Svratkou Štěpánov nad Svratkou (until 1951 Štěpánov; ) is a market town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. Administrative division Štěpánov nad Svratkou consists of two mun ...
, Ujčov,
Nedvědice Nedvědice is a market town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants. Administrative division Nedvědice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 20 ...
,
Černvír Černvír is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Černvír lies approximately north-west of Brno and south-east of Prague Prague ( ; ) is t ...
,
Doubravník Doubravník is a market town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Doub ...
, Borač, Štěpánovice,
Tišnov Tišnov (; ) is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,200 inhabitants. Administrative division Tišnov consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 cens ...
,
Veverská Bítýška Veverská Bítýška is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,500 inhabitants. Etymology The name Bítýška is a diminutive of Bíteš (compared with the nearby Velká Bíteš). It is d ...
, Brno,
Modřice Modřice (; ) is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,800 inhabitants. Geography Modřice is located about south of Brno. It lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley. It is situated on the ri ...
,
Rajhrad Rajhrad () is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,100 inhabitants. Geography Rajhrad is located about south of Brno. It lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley. The town is situated on the ...
,
Židlochovice Židlochovice (; ) is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,700 inhabitants. Etymology According to one theory, the name is derived from Old Czech word ''židlina'', meaning 'swamp'. Acc ...
,
Nosislav Nosislav is a market town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. Etymology The name is derived from the personal name Nosislav. It was probably someone who once owned the settle ...
, Velké Němčice, Vranovice,
Pouzdřany Pouzdřany () is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants. Geography Pouzdřany is located about northwest of Břeclav and south of Brno. It lies on the bord ...
, Ivaň and Dolní Věstonice. In the section from Březiny to Borovnice, the river forms the border between the Vysočina and
Pardubice Pardubice (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Repub ...
regions. In the section from Herálec to Jimramov, the river also forms the border between the historical lands of
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
and
Moravia Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early ...
.


Bodies of water

The reservoirs
Brno Brno ( , ; ) is a Statutory city (Czech Republic), city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava (river), Svitava and Svratka (river), Svratka rivers, Brno has about 403,000 inhabitants, making ...
(), Vír I () and Vír II () are built on the Svratka. The largest body of water in the basin area is the
Dalešice Reservoir Dalešice may refer to places in the Czech Republic: * Dalešice (Jablonec nad Nisou District), a municipality and village in the Liberec Region * Dalešice (Třebíč District), a market town in the Vysočina Region *Dalešice, a village and part ...
with an area of , which is built on the Jihlava River. There are 4,942 bodies of water in the basin area.


Economy

The Svratka is among the popular rivers for river tourism. Two of its sections are navigable; however, the upper section is navigable only during the spring thaw and after heavy rains, and the lower section depends on the discharge of the Vír I and Vír II reservoirs. A short slalom channel is built between Vír I and Vír II.


References


External links


River flow at Dalečín station
– Flood Warning and Forecasting Service of the
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute The Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI; ) is the central state office of the Czech Republic in the fields of air quality, meteorology, climatology and hydrology. It is an organization established by the Ministry of the Environment of the Cz ...
{{authority control Rivers of the Vysočina Region Rivers of the South Moravian Region Rivers of the Czech Republic