''Turricula'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of sea snails, marine gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Clavatulidae.

Taxonomy

Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae
accessed 1 April 2010. until a new publication in 2011

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

to the Quaternary (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.Fossilworks
/ref>

Description

The turriculated shell is fusiform with a long spire. The anal sinus is situated in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina. The siphonal canal is long and slightly bent. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The eyes of the animal are situated at the base of the tentacles. Radula formula : 1-0-1.

Distribution

The species of this marine genus occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia (

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Au ...

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...

Species

Species within the genus''Turricula'' include: * ''

Turricula aethiopica ''Turricula aethiopica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well di ...

'' (Thiele, 1925) * ''

Turricula amplisulcus ''Turricula amplisulcus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well d ...

'' (Barnard, 1958) * † ''

Turricula beamensis ''Turricula'', turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an ...

'' M.A. Peyrot, 1925 * † ''

Turricula belgica ''Turricula'', turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an ...

'' (G.G. Münster, 1826) * † ''

Turricula beyrichi ''Turricula'', turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an ...

'' (R.A. Philippi, 1846) * † ''

Turricula brevicauda ''Turricula brevicauda'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is no ...

'' (Deshayes, 1834) * ''

Turricula ceylonica ''Turricula ceylonica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. Description The length of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 6 mm. The fusiform shell is grayish-white with red spots within th ...

'' (Smith E. A., 1877) * ''

Turricula faurei ''Turricula faurei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differ ...

'' (Barnard, 1958) * ''

Turricula gemmulaeformis ''Turricula gemmulaeformis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. Description The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3.25 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off ...

'' (Thiele, 1925) * '' Turricula granobalteus'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''

Turricula javana ''Turricula javana'', common name the Java turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 35 mm and 70 mm. The whorls are angular and tub ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Turricula navarchus'' (Melvill & Standen, 1903) * ''

Turricula nelliae ''Turricula nelliae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. There is one subspecies: ''Turricula nelliae spuria'' (Hedley, 1922) (synonyms: ''Pleurotoma tuberculata'' Gray, 1839, ''Pleurotoma punct ...

'' (Smith E. A., 1877) * ''

Turricula profundorum ''Turricula profundorum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well d ...

'' (Smith E. A., 1896) * '' Turricula sulcicancellata'' (Barnard, 1958) * '' Turricula sumatrana'' (Thiele, 1925) * '' Turricula thurstoni'' (Smith E. A., 1896) * ''

Turricula tornata ''Turricula tornata'', common name the turned turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.Rosenberg, G. (2015). Turricula tornata. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...

'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * '' Turricula turriplana'' (Sowerby III, 1903) * † '' Turricula dimidiata'' Brocchi, 1814Fossile
/ref> * † ''

Turricula eolavinia ''Turricula'', turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an ...

'' Olsson, 1930 * † ''

Turricula excelsa ''Turricula'', turret in Latin, may refer to: * ''Turricula'' (plant), a plant genus in the subfamily Hydrophylloideae * ''Turricula'' (gastropod), an animal genus in the family Clavatulidae {{Genus disambiguation ...

'' Bohm, 1926 * † '' Turricula hanguensis'' Cox, 1930 * † '' Turricula haydeni'' Cox, 1930 * † '' Turricula kayalensis'' Dey, 1961 * † '' Turricula promensis silistrensis'' Vredenburg, 1921 * † '' Turricula promensis'' Vredenburg, 1921 * † '' Turricula sethuramae'' Vredenburg, 1921 * † ''

Turricula spuria ''Turricula'', turret in Latin, may refer to: * ''Turricula'' (plant), a plant genus in the subfamily Hydrophylloideae * ''Turricula'' (gastropod), an animal genus in the family Clavatulidae {{Genus disambiguation ...

'' Hedley, 1922 * † ''

Turricula taurina ''Turricula'', turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an ...

'' Olsson, 1922 * † '' Turricula terryi'' Olsson, 1922 * † ''

Turricula thangaensis ''Turricula'', turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an ...

'' Vredenburg, 1921 * † '' Turricula wanneri'' (Tesch, 1915) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Turricula bijubata'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of ''

Turridrupa bijubata ''Turridrupa bijubata'', common name the crested turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Clavatulidae. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 11 mm and 25 mm. The c ...

'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Turricula brunonia'' Dall, 1924: synonym of '' Veprecula brunonia'' (Dall, 1924) * ''Turricula cadaverosa'' (Reeve, 1844): synonym of '' Vexillum cadaverosum'' (Reeve, 1844) * ''Turricula casta'' H. Adams, 1872: synonym of ''

Vexillum castum ''Vexillum castum'' is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters. Homonymy Sowerby II, 1874 introduced the new replacement name ''Mitra hastata'' for ''Turricula casta'' H. Adams, 1 ...

'' (H. Adams, 1872) * ''Turricula ensyuensis'' Shikama, 1977: synonym of ''

Comitas ensyuensis ''Comitas ensyuensis'' is a species of sea snails, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies Tucker, J. (2010). Comitas ensyuensis (Shikama, 1977). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World M ...

'' (Shikama, 1977) * ''Turricula flammea'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''Turricula javana'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Turricula granobalteatus'' ic synonym of ''Turricula granobalteus'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Turricula hondoana'' Dall, 1925: synonym of ''

Aforia circinata ''Aforia circinata'', common name the ridged turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cochlespiridae. Description The shell grows to a length of 75 mm. The slender, elongate shell is covered with a browni ...

'' (Dall, 1873) * ''Turricula kamakurana'' (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of '' Comitas kamakurana'' (Pilsbry, 1895) * ''Turricula kuroharai'' Oyama, 1962: synonym of ''

Comitas kuroharai ''Comitas kuroharai'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.Tucker, J. (2010). Comitas kuroharai. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca da ...

'' (Oyama, 1962) * ''Turricula lavinia'' Dall, 1919: synonym of ''

Ptychobela lavinia ''Ptychobela lavinia'', common name the lavinia turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. Description The length of the shell varies between 35 mm and 50 mm. (Orig ...

'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Turricula lavinoides'' Olsson, 1922: synonym of ''

Fusiturricula lavinoides ''Fusiturricula lavinoides'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.Rosenberg, G. (2015). Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

'' (Olsson, 1922) * ''Turricula libya'' Dall, 1919: synonym of ''

Tiariturris libya ''Tiariturris libya'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae. Description The length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 65 mm. (Original description) The solid shell is fusiform. The ape ...

'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Turricula limonensis'' Olsson, 1922: synonym of ''

'' (Olsson, 1922) * ''Turricula murrawolga'' Garrard, 1961: synonym of ''

Comitas murrawolga ''Comitas murrawolga'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae.Tucker, J. (2010). Comitas murrawolga (Garrard, 1961). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database ...

'' (Garrard, 1961) * ''Turricula rectilateralis'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of '' Vexillum suluense'' (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) * ''Turricula scalaria'' (Barnard, 1958): synonym of ''

Makiyamaia scalaria ''Makiyamaia scalaria'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well dif ...

'' (Barnard, 1958) * ''Turricula tornatus'' ic synonym of ''Turricula tornata'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Turricula tuberculata'' (Gray, 1839): synonym of ''Turricula nelliae spuria'' (Hedley, 1922) * † ''Turricula waitaraensis'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of † ''

Thatcheria waitaraensis ''Thatcheria waitaraensis'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. ...

'' (Marwick, 1926) ;Taxa inquirenda - further investigation needed: * '' Turricula catena'' * ''Surcula aditus'' Barnard, 1969 * ''Surcula bouvieri'' Jousseaume, 1898 * ''Surcula urnula'' Thiele, 1925

References

Nomenclaturor Zoologicus info
* Li, BQ. & Li, XZ. 2008. ''Report on the two subfamilies Clavatulinae and Cochlespirinae (Mollusca : Neogastropoda : Turridae) from the China seas''. Zootaxa 1771: 31-42 * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods.'' Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3294028 Extant Maastrichtian first appearances