History

Surandai Palayam was formed during the reign of Madurai Nayagam Khansagi. It was changed to Sameen during the British rule. Surandai city was formed by amalgamation of villages of Lower Surandai, Bangla Surandai and Surandai. This town, which used to be a village, was upgraded to a Town Panchayat in the 1980s. Surandai was upgraded to a municipality on 24 August 2021 after the creation of Tenkasi district in India. Earlier “Surandai” was known as “Raja Sooriya Nallur” then it becomes “Suranthai”. For the past 50 years, the city name is Surandai.

Polygar rule and the revolts

As the Dalavay Mudali, the governor of Tirunelveli, became increasingly independent of

Madurai Madurai ( , , ), formerly known as Madura, is a major city in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the cultural capital of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Madurai District, which is ...

during the time of troubles that began in 1732, some of the Marava

polygar Palaiyakkarars, or Poligar, Palegara (as the British referred to them) in Andhra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu were the holders of a small kingdom as a feudatory to a greater sovereign. Under this system, ''palayam'' was given for valuable military ...

s of the province openly defied the Dalavay's authority and stopped paying tribute. Polygar Kattari Velladurai was the leader of the defiant polygars from Vadagarai, Nerkattumseval ruled by

Puli Thevar Puli Thevar was a Tamil Palaiyakkarar who ruled Nerkattumseval, situated in the Sankarankoil taluk, Tenkasi, formerly Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu. He is notable for fighting against East India Company from May 22, 1752 - 1767 in India ...

and Sivagiri. Surandai was one of the palayams that joined

’s coalition in 1754–1762 but abandoned the cause before the polygars’ final defeat in 1762. When Kollamkondan again rebelled in 1764, following the execution of Yusuf Khan for having betrayed the nawab, Surandai was quick to join. Victories over the Anglo-Nawabi forces helped the revolt spread to other polygars. At the end of the First Polygar War in 1799, the polygar of Surandai surrendered one fort and 61 armed men to Major J. Bannerman.

Zamindari

The Palaiyam survived into the 19th century as a

zamindar A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous feudal lord of a ''zamindari'' (feudal estate). The term itself came into use during the Mughal Empire, when Persian was the official language; ''zamindar'' is the ...

i; at the time of the permanent settlement of 1802, Polygar Sulava Tevar held seven villages. In 1879, the zamindari had an area of 1.34 sq. miles, and a population of 2,580; it was bought by Uthumalai and annexed to that estate in 1874.

Geography

Surandai is located at . It has an average elevation of 132 metres (433 feet). It is situated 20 km from Coutrallam Falls, 12 km away from Tenkasi and 50 km from Tirunelveli, District Head. It is 30 km away from Sankarankovil. The nearest railway station is Tenkasi and the nearest airport is Tuticorin(Thoothukudi), 86 km from Surandai. Surandai panchayat town comprised Surandai and Keelasurandai, Anai kulam, Kurungavanam, Kulayaneri, Kadayalurutti, Aladipatti, Kurichanpatti, Vadiur, Karayalanoor, Mariathaipuram, Paranguntrapuram, Kalingapatti, Achankundram, Bangalow Surandai and part of Ammaiyapuram. Surandai, which was once a village with primarily agricultural and palm tree cultivation with allied activities, presently has grown into a bustling centre for complete trade and business for nearby Panchayats.

Demographics

India

census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...

, Surandai Panchayat had a population of 35272. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Surandai has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 57%. In Surandai, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Municipal administration and politics

Surandai municipality established in 2021 initially it was a Town panchayat and upgraded as municipality

References

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu Cities and towns in Tenkasi district Madurai Nayak dynasty Palayam