Super Typhoon Alice (1958)

The 1958 Pacific typhoon season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season had no official bounds, but tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean normally develop between May and October. The season was below average in storms, with only twenty-three forming. However, all but two of those storms developed into typhoons, resulting in a well above-average number of typhoons, and a very high ACE figure of 445.8 units. In addition, there were also nine tropical storms tracked only by the JMA. The season began very early, with a very rare super typhoon in January, Typhoon Ophelia, and ended in early December with Typhoon Olga. It also featured Typhoon Ida, the strongest storm ever recorded at that time.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1958 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.

Systems

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Typhoon Ophelia

At noon on December 31, a vortex was noted along the Intertropical Convergence Zone about south of Hawaii. On January 7, the relatively small tropical storm struck Jaluit Atoll within the southern Marshall Islands, killing 14 people. It rapidly intensified, and reached winds of the next day. Conditions became unfavorable, and steadily weakened to winds. Ponape was struck on January 10, where Ophelia tore off the roof of the United States Weather Bureau office. On January 11, Truk was struck. The Weather Bureau's inflation shelter was destroyed, with other buildings on site severely damaged. On the 12th, favorable conditions allowed Ophelia to reintensify, reaching a peak of on the 13th. Ophelia severely impacted Yap, removing the Weather Bureau office's sheet metal roof and damaging the inflation building, theodolite, and radio antenna. After maintaining that intensity for 18 hours, it quickly weakened as it drifted northward, and dissipated on the 17th. Typhoon Ophelia caused widespread damage on several islands of the Western Pacific.Bikini Atoll History
/ref> Ophelia also killed nine people when a USAF WB-50 crashed during a recon flight into the storm on January 15.Deadly Hurricane Hunter Flights
/ref>

JMA Tropical Storm Two

Tropical Storm 02 developed on April 29. It struck Philippines before dissipating on the following day.

Typhoon Phyllis

On May 29, Super Typhoon Phyllis attained a peak of , the strongest typhoon on record in May at the time. Phyllis remained over open waters, and dissipated on June 2, southeast of Japan.

JMA Tropical Storm Four

Tropical Storm 04 developed in the South China Sea on May 26. It struck the Chinese province of Guangdong and Hainan, before dissipating on June 6.

Typhoon Rita

Typhoon Rita existed from June 7 to June 13 in which it didn't bring any significant damage to land.

JMA Tropical Storm Six

Tropical Storm 06 developed on June 8. It crossed the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, before dissipating on June 13.

Typhoon Susan

Typhoon Susan existed from June 13 to June 17.

Typhoon Tess

Typhoon Tess developed in the vicinity of the Federated States of Micronesia on June 28. The storm moved generally west-northwestward and northwestward, reaching the Ryukyu Islands before dissipating on July 6.

Typhoon Viola

Typhoon Viola existed from July 8 to July 14.

Typhoon Winnie

Tropical Storm Winnie formed on July 12 to the east of Luzon. It moved northwestward, rapidly intensifying to a Category 4 typhoon within 12 hours. The typhoon weakened slightly, but rapidly strengthened to a super typhoon just before hitting eastern Taiwan on the 15th. Winnie rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain, and after crossing the Formosa Strait Winnie hit southeastern China. It continued to weaken over land, and dissipated on the 17th.1958 Best Track
/ref> Winnie caused 31 casualties and 53 injuries in Taiwan while crossing.

Typhoon Betty

Typhoon Betty existed in the South China Sea from July 13 to July 16.

Typhoon Alice

Tropical Storm Alice developed on July 14 in the open western Pacific Ocean. It moved to the northwest and attained typhoon status on the 16th. Alice rapidly intensified on the 19th to a super typhoon, and after turning to the northeast it weakened. Alice hit southeastern Japan on the 22nd, and became extratropical on the 24th near the Kamchatka Peninsula.

Shortly after Typhoon Alice made landfall, storm surges occurred in Tokyo Bay, causing floods in Kōtō and Edogawa on Shitamachi region. In the area of Kameido (now a station), storm surge in Tokyo Bay reached 2.89 meters in height. Storm surges caused flooding of rivers around Tokyo Bay that damaged 21 ships, damaged 27,673 hectare of crops, destroyed 1,089 and inundated 46,243 houses. Alice caused the deaths of 26 people in total, injuring 64 people and 14 people went missing.

JMA Tropical Storm Fourteen

Tropical Storm Fourteen developed in the South China Sea on July 19. It struck Fujian before dissipating on July 25.

Typhoon Doris

Typhoon Doris existed from July 22 to July 29.

JMA Tropical Storm Sixteen

Typhoon 16 developed in the South China Sea on August 5. It struck China before dissipating on August 11.

Typhoon Elsie

Typhoon Elsie existed from August 4 to August 9.

Typhoon Flossie

On August 21, a tropical depression formed in the open ocean and moved northward. It reached tropical storm status later that day, and attained typhoon strength on the 22nd. Flossie peaked at on the 22nd, and weakened to a tropical storm just before hitting the southeastern coast of Japan on the 25th. Flossie turned to the east, and after becoming extratropical on the 26th the storm dissipated on the 27th. The storm caused 15 casualties (with 30 missing) and 39 injuries in Tokyo.

JMA Tropical Storm Eighteen

Tropical Storm 18 existed from August 25 to August 31.

Typhoon Grace

Another typhoon developed in the vicinity of the Federated States of Micronesia on August 29. The system moved northwestward and eventually strengthened into a super typhoon. Grace peaked with a minimum barometric pressure of . It later struck Zhejiang before becoming extratropical on September 5.

JMA Tropical Storm Twenty

Tropical Storm 24 existed from September 2 to September 13.

Typhoon Helen

Typhoon Helen, which formed on September 9, rapidly intensified to a super typhoon on the 14th. It moved to the northeast, and steadily weakened until hitting southeastern Japan as a typhoon on the 17th. It paralleled the Japanese coastline, and after turning northward it became extratropical on the 19th in the Sea of Okhotsk. Helen's effects caused 24 fatalities (with 44 missing) and 108 injuries.

Typhoon Ida

On September 20, Tropical Storm Ida formed in the central Western Pacific. It moved to the west, rapidly strengthening to a typhoon by the next day. On the 22nd Ida turned to the north and quickly intensified, reaching super typhoon status on the 23rd and peak winds of on the 24th. Such winds are speculative, due to the lack of satellite or quality in measurements, but Ida was likely a formidable typhoon with a record low pressure (at the time) of 877 mbar.Camille Info
/ref> Ida weakened as it continued to the north-northeast, and made landfall on southeastern Honshū with winds of on the 26th. It became extratropical the next day, and dissipated on the 28th to the east of the country. Ida caused torrential flooding to southeastern Japan, resulting in over 1,900 mudslides. Damage along the coastline was extensive, including two small villages that were washed away completely. Nearly 500,000 were left homeless,Time.com
/ref> 888 were killed, 496 were injured, and 381 were missing from the storm.Digital Typhoon: Disaster Information
/ref>

Typhoon June

Typhoon June existed from September 20 to September 22. Its track was somewhat similar to Hurricane Patsy in the 1959 Pacific hurricane season.

JMA Tropical Storm Twenty-four

Tropical Storm 24 existed from September 24 to September 29.

Typhoon Kathy

Typhoon Kathy developed just east of the Philippines on October 21. It moved across the islands and entered the South China Sea. There, the system strengthened, and subsequently dissipated on October 27.

Typhoon Lorna

Typhoon Lorna existed from October 23 to November 3.

Typhoon Marie

Typhoon Marie existed from October 26 to November 3.

Typhoon Nancy

Typhoon Nancy developed near Palau on November 21. The system strengthened into a super typhoon, peaking with a minimum barometric pressure of . Nancy dissipated on November 26.

Tropical Storm Pamela

Tropical Storm Pamela existed from November 30 to December 4.

Typhoon Olga

Typhoon Olga existed from December 2 to December 8.

JMA Tropical Storm Thirty-one

Typhoon 31 existed from December 9 to December 12.

Storm names

See also

* List of Pacific typhoon seasons
* 1950s South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
* 1950s Australian region cyclone seasons
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1957–58 1958–59

References

External links

Japan Meteorological Agency

Joint Typhoon Warning Center
.

China Meteorological Agency

National Weather Service Guam



Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services

Korea Meteorological Agency

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration



Digital Typhoon - Typhoon Images and Information

Typhoon2000 Philippine typhoon website

{{DEFAULTSORT:1958 Pacific Typhoon Season
1958 Pacific typhoon season,