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Sunan Ampel (born Raden Ahmad Rahmatullah or Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah; 1401–1481) was one the nine revered Javanese Muslim saints, or
Wali Songo ''Wali Songo'' (), also transcribed as ''Wali Sanga'', are revered saints of Islam in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, because of their historic role in the spread of Islam in Indonesia. The word ''wali'' is Arabic for "trusted on ...
, credited with the spread of Islam in
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
. According to local history, around Demak the
mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...
of Demak
Masjid Agung Demak Demak Great Mosque () is one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia, located in the center town of Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. The mosque is believed to have been built by the ''Wali Songo'' ("Nine Muslim Saints") with the most prominent figure, ...
was built by Sunan Ampel in 1479 CE, but other sources attributed the construction of the mosque to
Sunan Kalijaga Sunan Kalijaga (born Raden Mas Said; 1450–1513) was one of the "nine saints" of Javanese Islam ( Wali Sanga). The "Kalijaga" title was derived from an orchard known as "Kalijaga" in Cirebon. Other accounts suggest that the name derives from ...
.


Genealogy

The father of Sunan Ampel was
Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malik Ibrahim (died 7 April 1419), also known as Sunan Gresik or Kakek Bantal, was the first of the Wali Songo, the nine men generally thought to have introduced Islam to Java. His habit of placing the Quran, Qu'ran on a pillow led to him rece ...
also known as Ibrahim as-Samarkandy ("Ibrahim Asmarakandi" to Javanese pronunciation). His mother was a princess of the
Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...
Kingdom. Sunan Ampel was born in Champa, in present-day central Vietnam, in 1401 CE. Sunan Ampel came to
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
in 1443 CE, possibly to visit his aunt Dwarawati, a princess of
Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...
who was married to
Kertawijaya Kertawijaya or Dyah Kertawijaya was the seventh monarch of Majapahit reigning from 1447 to 1451 by the regnal name Sri Maharaja Wijayaparakramawardhana. Reign Prince Kertawijaya succeeded his older sister Suhita in 1447. Natural disasters fre ...
, the king of
Majapahit Majapahit (; (eastern and central dialect) or (western dialect)), also known as Wilwatikta (; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island o ...
. A long lineage indicates that Sunan Ampel was a descendant of
Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
, a Prophet in the Islamic religion who was born in Mecca. However, another theory claims that Sunan Ampel had
Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...
ancestry and identifies him as Bong Swi Hoo. The two theories are not mutually exclusive, because Muslims from China interacted extensively with Southeast Asia during the time of
Zheng He Zheng He (also romanized Cheng Ho; 1371–1433/1435) was a Chinese eunuch, admiral and diplomat from the early Ming dynasty, who is often regarded as the greatest admiral in History of China, Chinese history. Born into a Muslims, Muslim famil ...
. It was also common for a Muslim man to marry a local woman when settling far from his country of origin. Sunan Ampel married Nyi Gede Manila, the daughter of a
Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...
captain at
Tuban Tuban is a town located on the north coast of Java, in Tuban Regency (of which the town is the administrative capital), approximately west of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. Tuban Regency is surrounded by Lamongan Regency in the east, Bojo ...
named Gan Eng Cu. This marriage produced several children: sons
Sunan Bonang Sunan Bonang (born Raden Makdum Ibrahim) was one of the nine Wali Songo (lit. "Nine Saints"), along with his father Sunan Ampel and his brother Sunan Drajat who are said to have established Islam as the dominant religion amongst the Javanes ...
and Sunan Drajat became wali songo; daughter Syarifah became the wife of Sunan Ngudung and the mother of
Sunan Kudus Sunan Kudus (born Syekh Jafar As-Shodiq bin Utsman Al-Hamadani; 1500-1550), founder of Kudus, is one of the ''Wali Sanga'' (lit. "Nine Saints"), of Java, Indonesia to whom the propagation of Islam amongst the Javanese is attributed. He is sa ...
; and another daughter became the first wife of
Raden Patah Raden Patah, also known as Jin Bun (; zh, t=靳文, s=, p=Jìn wén) (1455 in Jepara – 1518 in Demak) was the first sultan of the Demak Sultanate. Ascending to the throne in 1475, he remained a vassal of the Majapahit Empire until 1478. R ...
and mother to
Trenggana Trenggana (1521–1546), also called Trenggono, was the third Sultan of Demak after he succeeded Pati Unus. Sultan Trenggana was crowned by Sunan Gunungjati, one of the Wali Songo who spread Islam in Java. He became the third and greatest rule ...
, who succeeded his father as leader of the
Sultanate of Demak The Demak Sultanate () was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of ...
. Some sources suggest that Raden Patah was the cousin of Sunan Ampel. Sunan Ampel died in Demak in 1481 CE but is buried in
Ampel Mosque Ampel Mosque (; ; ) is an ancient mosque located in the Ampel sub-district, district Semampir, Surabaya, East Java. The oldest mosque in East Java was built in 1421 CE by Sunan Ampel where his tomb complex is located within the area. Architectur ...
.


Activities

Sunan Ampel was teacher of
Sunan Giri Sunan Giri (also called Raden Paku or Joko Samudro), and Muhammad Ainul Yakin (born 1442 CE in Blambangan, which is now Banyuwangi) is considered one of the Wali Sanga (revered saints of Islam) in Indonesia. His family is from Hussani Sayid, ...
and
Raden Patah Raden Patah, also known as Jin Bun (; zh, t=靳文, s=, p=Jìn wén) (1455 in Jepara – 1518 in Demak) was the first sultan of the Demak Sultanate. Ascending to the throne in 1475, he remained a vassal of the Majapahit Empire until 1478. R ...
. :id:Raden Patah


See also

*
Islam in Indonesia Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, with 87.06% of the Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslims, based on Civil registration, civil registry data in 2023. In terms of denomination, the overwhelming majority are Sunni ...
*
The spread of Islam in Indonesia (1200 to 1600) The history of the arrival of Islam in Indonesia is somewhat unclear. One theory states that Islam arrived directly from Arabia as early as the 9th century, during the time of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Another theory credits Sufi t ...
*
Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq Ali al-Uraydi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, () better known simply as Ali al-Uraydi, was the son of Ja'far al-Sadiq and the brother of Isma'il, Musa al-Kazim, Abdullah al-Aftah, and Muhammad Al-Dibaj. He was known by the title al-Uraydi, because he live ...


Notes

*Sunyoto, Agus (2014). ''Atlas Wali Songo: Buku Pertama yang Mengungkap Wali Songo Sebagai Fakta Sejarah''. 6th edition. Depok: Pustaka IIMaN. * Hadhrami people 1401 births 1481 deaths Indonesian people of Arab descent Cham people {{Indonesia-reli-bio-stub id:Walisongo ms:Walisongo