Hsawnghsup was one of the outlying Shan princely states in what is today

Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...

. It was called Somsok (Samjok) in Manipur Chronicles and Thaungthut by the Burmese. The latter name is now applied only to the final headquarters of the state, the seat of its

Saopha Saopha (), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India. Nam ...

(Sawbwa) in the 19th century.Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 13, p. 217.
/ref> This town is on bank of the

Chindwin River The Chindwin River (), also known as the Ningthi River (), is a river in Myanmar and is the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River. Sources The Chindwin originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly , where the Tanai, ...

, but the original headquarters was apparently in the Kabaw Valley to the west, near the border with

Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...

, and a good part of the state was also in that valley. During the

British rule in Burma British colonial rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the successive three Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of ''Burma'' as a province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally i ...

, Hsawnghsup formed an

exclave An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is s ...

located to the northwest of the rest of the Shan States, within the Upper Chindwin District of

British Burma British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and cultur ...

and bound to the west by the princely state of Manipur. Most of the territory of the state was dense forest.

History

According to the Manipur chronicles, king Kiyamba of Manipur and "Choupha Khekkhompa" of "Pong" (

Möng Kawng Möng Kawng (; zh, 孟拱) or Mogaung () was a Shan state in what is present-day Myanmar. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State. The state existed until 1796. The main town was Mog ...

) jointly conquered Hsawnghsup in 1470 CE and divided the state between themselves. From the time of

Bayinnaung , title = King of Toungoo , image = Bayinnaung.JPG , caption = Statue of Bayinnaung in front of the National Museum of Myanmar , reign = 30 April 1550 – 10 October 1581 , coronation = 11 January 1551 at Taungoo, ...

Toungoo dynasty ''taungnguumainn saat'' , conventional_long_name = Toungoo dynasty , common_name = Taungoo dynasty , status = Empire/Monarchy, Kingdom , event_start = Independence from Kingdom of Ava, Ava Kingdom , yea ...

, the Burmese contested the Manipuri claim, until it was finally ceded to Burma by the

British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...

in 1834. The local legendary history claimed that the state existed as far back as three centuries before the appearance of the Buddha Gautama. In 1886 the ruler of Hsawnghsup remained loyal to the British during the rebellion of the prince of

Wuntho Wuntho (), also known as Wying Hsö (), was a Shan state in Upper Burma. It had an area of around with 150,000 inhabitants and lay midway between the Ayeyarwady River and Chindwin Rivers. Name The state was at first called Bein-hsö ('town of ...

Rulers

The rulers of Hsawnghsup bore the title of ''

''.

Saophas

* 843BC - 796BC Hso Hon Hpa (Azathathat) 1st * 796BC - 776BC Hso Noeng Hpa (son) * 776BC - 743BC Hso Pat Hpa (younger brother) * 743BC - 726BC Hso Hkam Hpa (son) * 726BC - 694BC Sao Hseng Pan Lam (son) * 694BC - 650BC Sao Kyet Hpa (son) * 650BC - 623BC Sao Tep Sam Ta (son) * 623BC - 600BC Sao Kyet Kyaing (son) * 600BC - 543BC Hso Le Hpa (son) * 543BC - 522BC Hso Hkai Hpa (son) * 522BC - 500BC Hso Vien Hpa (son) * 500BC - 474BC Hso Hkuan Hpa (son) * 474BC - 442BC Hso Tew Hpa (son) * 442BC - 426BC Hso Yiam Hpa (son) * 426BC - 394BC Hso Tam Hpa (son) * 394BC - 354BC Hso Hsam Hpa (son) * 354BC - 325BC Vacant * 325BC - 283BC Hso Ngaan Hpa, (the son of Gawmonna of Razagyo objected by Thiri Dhamma Thawka of Palalipot) * 283BC - 250BC Hso Hkong Hpa (son) * 250BC - 216BC Hso Long Hpa (son) * 216BC - 184BC Hso Lem Hpa (son) * 184BC - 160BC Hso Loong Hpa (son) * 160BC - 136BC Hso Kawn Hpa (son) * 136BC - 116BC Hso Sam Hpa (son) * 116BC - 84BC Hso Yap Hpa (son) * 84BC - 52BC Hso Waing Hpa (son) * 52BC - 28BC Hso Moew Hpa (son) * 28BC - 01 Hso Goe Hpa (son) * 01 - 27 Hso Xing Hpa (uncle) * 27 - 59 Hso Gam Hpa (son) * 59 - 91 Hso Pot Hpa (nephew) * 91 - 116 Hso Pap Hpa (son) * 116 - 154 Hso Yew Hpa (uncle) * 154 - 176 Hso Hung Möng (son) * 176 - 214 Hso Yawng Hpa (son) * 214 - 244 Hso Nguen Hpa (son) * 244 - 294 Hso Koen Hpa (son) * 294 - 316 Hso Kat Hpa (son) * 316 - 346 Hso Piam Hpa (son) * 346 - 386 Hso Paw Hpa (son) * 386 - 417 Hso Len Hpa (son) * 417 - 446 Hso Liu Hpa (son) * 446 - 471 Hso Hlaing Hpa (son) * 471 - 506 Hso Kyoem Möng Hpa (son) * 506 - 546 Hso Hken Hpa (son) * 546 - 566 Hso Ween Hpa (younger brother) * 566 - 583 Hso Tuen Hpa (nephew) * 583 - 613 Hso Koong Hpa (son) * 613 - 650 Hso Tue Hpa (son) * 650 - 674 Hso Yawk Hpa (younger brother) * 674 - 703 Hso Sawn Hpa (son) * 703 - 746 Hso Hkwa Hpa (nephew) * 746 - 762 Hso Hkaeng Hpa (son) * 762 - 794 Hso Ham Hpa (son) * 794 - 816 Hso Hang Hpa (son) * 816 - 847 Hso Hit Hpa (son) * 847 - 867 Hso Huan Hpa (son) * 867 - 904 Hso Hueng Hpa (son) * 904 - 934 Hso Hom Hpa (son) * 934 - 964 Hso Waing Hpa (son) * 964 - 1000 Hso Kert Hpa (son) * 1000 - 1024 Hso Ngaam Hpa (younger brother) * 1024 - 1044 Hso Hsao Hpa (son) * 1044 - 1077 Hso Kyem Hpa (son) * 1077 - 1100 Hso Hki Hpa (son) * 1100 - 1128 Hso Kuen Hpa (son) * 1128 - 1144 Hso Myo Hpa (son) * 1144 - 1177 Hso Hkaen Hpa (son) * 1177 - 1200 Hso Pan Hpa (son) * 1200 - 1234 Hso Soen Hpa (son) * 1234 - 1250 Hso Yawn Hpa (son) * 1250 - 1270 Hso Yao Hpa (son) * 1270 - 1298 Hso Hua Hpa (son) * 1298 - 1316 Hso Mao Hpa (son) * 1316 - 1350 Hso Than Hpa (son) * 1350 - 1380 Hso Wak Hpa (son) * 1380 - 1412 Hso Saw Hpa (younger brother) * 1412 - 1436 Hso Het Pang Hpa (son) * 1436 - 1445 Hso Hkoen Möng (son) * 1445 - 1460 Hso Kaa Hpa (son) * 1460 - 1474 Hso Hsong Phout (son) * 1474 - 1498 Hso Hung Möng (son) * 1498 - 1514 Hso Parn Möng (son) Toungoo period * 1514 - 1532 Hso Phon Hpa (son) * 1532 - 1560 Hso Hkoe Hpa (nephew) : Colonized of

* 1560 - 1570 Hso Hkan Hpa (uncle) * 1570 - 1592 Hso Hkaing Hpa (son of Hso Hkoe Hpa) : He betrayed King

Nanda Bayin , image = , caption = , title = King of Toungoo , reign = 10 October 1581 – 19 December 1599 , coronation = 15 October 1581 , succession = , predecessor = Bayinnaung , successor ...

of Hanthawaddy to joint with Hso Hsu Hpa, the saopha of Sanda in Koshanpye they seized later and send to Hanthawaddy the Burmese King decided to execution them but remit later * 1592 - 1612 Hso Doun Hpa (son) * 1612 - 1628 Hso Kyaw Hpa (son) : He guided King

Khagemba King Khagemba (Conqueror of the Chinese; 1597–1654), was a monarch from the Kingdom of Kangleipak. He also introduced a new form of polo and new apparel styles. Under his regime he focused on a new form of Manipur and built many markets ...

of Ningthouja to develop friendly relationships with King

Anaukpetlun Anaukbaklun ( ; 21 January 1578 – 9 July 1628) was the sixth king of Taungoo Burma and was largely responsible for restoring the kingdom after it collapsed at the end of 16th century. In his 22-year reign from 1606 to 1628, Anaukpetlun comple ...

the King of

until the Manipur King give her daughter Champajulee to married with Burmese King * 1628 - 1650 Hso Htao Möng Doun (son) * 1650 - 1659 Hso Lam Kawn Hkam Hpa (son) * 1659 - 1663 Hso Soun Hpa (son) * 1663 - 1689 Hso Pawng Hpa (son) * 1689 - 1703 Hso Htan Hpa (younger brother) * 1703 - 1727 Hso Hkoong Hpa (son) : He guided

Taninganway , title = King of Toungoo, The King who born in Sunday , image = , caption = , reign = 22 August 1714 – 14 November 1733 , coronation = 22 August 1714 , succession ...

Inwa Inwa (, or ; also spelled Innwa; formerly known as Ava), located in Mandalay Region, Myanmar, is an ancient imperial capital of successive Burmese kingdoms from the 14th to 19th centuries. Throughout history, it was sacked and rebuilt numerou ...

to develop friendly relationships with Ningthouja dynasty of

until the Burmese King married with princess

Chakpa Makhao Ngambi Chakpa Makhao Ngambi was the Burmese queen of Toungoo dynasty of Kingdom of Ava (modern day Upper Burma) and the Meitei princess of Ningthouja dynasty of Kangleipak (Manipur Kingdom). She was the Queen consort of King Taninganway () of Myan ...

the younger sister of Pamhaiba (She was the daughter of Tonsen Ngampa or King Chalailongba aka Pitambar) : The both have son name Min Taya Sinthu Ngamba and daughter name Dimourathi * 1727 - 1746 Hso Ming Hpa (son) * 1746 - 1757 Hso Phoo Dam Hpa (younger brother) Konbaung period * 1757 - 1760 Sao Kan Haw (son) * 1760 - 1767 Sao Hkun Sa (younger brother) * 1767 - 1774 Sao Phon Gyi (son) * 1774 - 1782 Sao Hti Kyeng (younger brother) * 1782 - 1813 Sao Haw Nga (son of Sao Kan Haw) * 1813 - 1826 Sao Leik Hkam (son) * 1827 - 1858 Sao Aung Ba (Hso Kyeng Hpa) (son) British period * 1858 - 22 Oct 1880 Sao Shwe Möng (son) * 1880 - 1893 Sao Nyi Hkam (son) * 1893 - 1899 Sao Khine Mone (son) * 1899 - 1908 Sir Sao Tun Aung (b. 1860) (younger brother) * 1908 - 1959 Sao Hkun Hsawng or Sao Satta Meitta (last saopha) (son)

Notes

References

Bibliography

* * * *

External links

"Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"The Imperial Gazetteer of India
* Shan States {{Hkamti-geo-stub