Ibrahim Sultan () (Shawwāl 796 AH/August 1394 AD – Shawwāl 838 AH/ May 1435 AD) was a Timurid prince who governed a region around modern Fars from 1415 to 1435 under his father

Shah Rukh Shah Rukh or Shahrukh Mirza (, ''Šāhrokh''; 20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447. He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynasty in 1370 ...

. He was grandson of the conqueror

Timur Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeat ...

and died on 3 April 1435, around twelve years before his father.

Warfare

Ibrahim Sultan fought in the campaigns of his father

against the

Qara Qoyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu (, ; ), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation tha ...

. In particular, he encounteres the Qara Qoyunlu ruler Iskander in battle in 1429, where he was victorious.

Arts

Ibrahim Sultan commissioned at least four illustrated manuscripts, including

Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi or Sharif al-Din Ali’ Yazdi (; died 1454, Yazd), also known by his pen name Sharaf, was a 15th-century Persian scholar who authored several works in the arts and sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, enigma, liter ...

's biography of Timur, a copy of Nizami's ''Iskandarnāma'' (Book of Alexander) that was completed in 1435/36, a '' Shāhnāma'' ( Bodleian Library MS. Ouseley Add. 176) that was prepared between the 1420s and early 1430s, and an ''Anthology'' that was finished in 1420 and dedicated to his brother, Prince Baysunghur. Ibrahim Sultan was an accomplished artist, avid calligrapher and great collector of books. Known to be observant in matters of religion, he personally scribed pious inscriptions on two madrasas he founded in Shiraz and at least five copies of the Qur'an. There remains a handwritten Qur'an in two volumes by him written in

Naskh script Naskh is a small, round script of Islamic calligraphy. Naskh is one of the first scripts of Islamic calligraphy to develop, commonly used in writing administrative documents and for transcribing books, including the Qur’an, because of its easy ...

. Every page of this Qur'an, finished in June 1427, has profusely decorated margins of floral scrolls in gold and color. This two-part Qur'an is a splendid example of lavish manuscript production in the early Timurid period. They were stored in a small room on top of the

Qur'an Gate Qur'an Gate () or Shiraz Gate () is a historic gate in the north of Shiraz, Iran. It is located at the northeastern entrance of the city, on the way to Marvdasht and Isfahan, between Baba Kouhi and Chehel Maqam Mountains near Allahu Akbar gorge.< ...

in Shiraz. Travelers passing underneath the gates were believed to receive the blessing of the Holy Book as they began their trip or journey from Shiraz. In 1937 the two Qur'ans were taken from the gate and were taken to the Pars Museum in Shiraz, where they remain today. Sultan Ibrahim is also said to have repaired the Masjid-i Atiq but that soon thereafter it was again ruined by an earthquake.

Personal life

;Consorts Ibrahim had four wives: *Mihr Sultan Agha, daughter of Alu Chuhra Sariktash; *Fatima Sultan Agha, daughter of Amirak Qauchin; *Jahan Begi Agha, daughter of Abdullah Taifi; *Begi Sultan Agha, daughter of Bayazid Sywish; ;Sons Ibrahim had four sons: *Sultan Ishaq Mirza – with Fatima Sultan Agha; *Sultan Muhammad Mirza – with Jahan Begi Agha; *Ismail Mirza – with Begi Sultan Agha; *Sultan Abdallah Mirza – with Mihr Sultan Agha; ;Daughters Ibrahim had two daughters: *Ruqaiya Begi Begum – with Mihr Sultan Agha; *Zainab Sultan Begum – with Fatima Sultan Agha;

Warfare

Arts

Personal life

See also

References

Further reading