Sultan Ahmed Khan I ( Kumyk: ''Солтан Агьмат-Хан'', 1802–1823) was the

khan Khan may refer to: * Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name * Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by various ethnicities Art and entertainment * Khan (band), an English progressiv ...

(governor) of the

Avar Khanate The Avar Khanate, the Avar Nutsaldom (; ), also known as Khundzia or Avaria, was a long-lived Avar state, which controlled mountainous parts of Dagestan (in the North Caucasus) from the early 13th century to the 19th century. History of Avar ...

from 1800 to 1823.

Origin

He belonged to the Avar family of the Mehtulin khans, but after the suppression of the Avar khan's family in the male line he married the daughter of the previous ruler and took the title of Avar

Biography

Early years

The previous killed khan left daughters Bakhu Bike and Patimat, Georgian wife Darejan and half-brother Gebek. Uma Khan's last wife Khistaman, who opposed the coming to power of her husband's brother Gebek in every way fought for supremacy in the khanate too, and she was also supported by the local nobility. Nevertheless, Gebek became the ruler, who had been in this role for about 9 months, when a coup was carried out and the ruler was killed in January 1802, not without the intervention of Khistaman. At this time, Sultan Ahmed Khan, the husband of the eldest daughter of the khan Bakhu Bike, who until that time had been with the title of

bey Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg, Begh, or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and a royal, aristocratic title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in ...

in the village of Paraul, was invited to govern the

. But this time the struggle for power did not end either, because Surkhay, the son of the late Gebek, who settled in the village of Tukita also claimed power.

Relations with the Russian Empire

In 1803 he took an oath of

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

citizenship and in 1807 was granted the rank of major general. Meanwhile, Sultan Ahmed Khan at the end of August 1819, at the head of a 6,000 detachment marched against the fortress of Vnezapnaya, but near the village of

Bavtugay Bavtugay () is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Kizilyurt in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,765. History Urban-type settlement ...

on the left bank of the

Sulak river The Sulak (, , Lepiev A.S., Lepiev İ.A., Türkçe-Çeçençe sözlük, Turkoyŋ-noxçiyŋ doşam, Ankara, 2003) drains most of the mountainous interior of Dagestan northeast into the Caspian Sea. It and most of its branches flow in canyons. It ...

, utterly defeated by the tsarist troops fled to the mountains. As punishment for this, the manager of the civil part in

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...

and the

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...

provinces, general

Aleksey Yermolov Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (, ; – ) was a Russian general of the 19th century who commanded Russian troops in the Caucasian War. He served in all the Russian campaigns against the French, except for the 1799 campaigns of Alexander Suvo ...

deposed Sultan Ahmed Khan, and entrusted the management of

to the son of Gebek khan Surkhay. In 1819 general Yermolov promised Surkhay Khan through the intermediary of shamakhal of

Tarki Tarki (, ; ) formerly also spelled Tarkou and also known as Tarku, is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan, Russi ...

the rank of major general and 5.000

ruble The ruble or rouble (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is a currency unit. Currently, currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia and the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus. These currencies are s ...

s of salary, if he could remove Sultan Ahmed Khan from power. However, all Surkhay Khan's attempts to establish himself in Avar lands were unsuccessful, because he was recognized only by the Russian administration and power was in the hands of Sultan Ahmed Khan I. However, in 1826, Sultan Ahmed Khan died, leaving behind his young sons and daughter. The Caucasian command was forced to divide

into two parts, one of which was transferred to the control of Surkhay Khan and the other much larger part was ruled by the young son of Sultan Ahmed Khan – Abu Nutsal Khan.

Family

According to the

genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kin ...

of the

Avar khans Avar(s) or AVAR may refer to: Peoples and states * Avars (Caucasus), a modern Northeast Caucasian-speaking people in the North Caucasus, Dagestan, Russia **Avar language, the modern Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Avars of the North ...

compiled by

Adolf Berge Adolf Pyetrovich Berzhe (also spelled Bergé; rus, Адо́льф Петро́вич Берже́, p=ɐdəlʲf pʲɪtrəvʲɪd͡ʑ bʲɪrˈʐɛ; – ) was an Imperial Russian bureaucrat and an Orientalist historian, with principal interests ...

, Sultan Ahmed Khan married the widow of

Umma Khan V Umma Khan V (Omar Khan) Avar nicknamed Great liev B.G. General R.F.Rosen’s work “Description of Chechnya and Dagestan” https://caucasushistory.ru/2618-6772/article/view/19/19/ Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of ...

named Gikhilay and his daughter Bakhu Bike. With them he had 4 children: # son Abu Sultan Khan I nutsal (1813–1834), khan since 1823. He was married to the daughter of shamkhal of

Abu Muslim Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khurasani (; ; 718/19 or 723/27 – 755) was a Persian general who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty, leading to the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate. Little is known ab ...

Khaibat, from whom a son was born, named after his grandfather Sultan Ahmed # son Umma Khan (1816–1834) # daughter of Sultaneta (Soltan-Bike, b. 1818) married shamkhal of

# son Bulach (1820–1834){{Cite web , title=Was the young Avar khan Bulach killed on the orders of Imam Shamil? , url=https://ndelo.ru/imam-shamil/byl-li-ubit-yunyj-avarskij-han-bulach-po-prikazu-imama-shamilya , access-date=2023-02-18 , website=Новое Дело , language=ru

References

Sources

* Lemercier-Quelquejay Ch. La structure social, politique et religieuse du Caucase du Nord au XVI siècle // CMRS. Т. 25. No.2-3. Р. 125–148. * Potto, Vasily (1991). ''Caucasian War''.

Stavropol Stavropol (, ), known as Voroshilovsk from 1935 until 1943, is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, in southern Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, making it one of Russia's fastest growing cities. E ...

. p. 199. * Genichutlinsky, Haydarbek (1992). ''Historical-biographical and historical essays''.

Makhachkala Makhachkala, previously known as Petrovskoye (1844–1857) and Port-Petrovsk (1857–1921), or by the local Kumyk language, Kumyk name of Anji, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Dagestan, Russia. ...

: Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. p. 40.

External links

* Kasumov S. M.
Socio-economic and political situation of the war of the Avar Khanate in the first third of the 19th-century
– ''science-education.ru.'' *

– ''vostlit.info'' Avar khans 19th-century monarchs in Europe 19th-century monarchs in Asia History_of_the_Kumyk_people History of Dagestan 1823 deaths