The
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
sulfinoalanine decarboxylase ()
catalyzes
Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...
the
chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemistry, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an Gibbs free energy, ...
:3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO
2
Hence, this enzyme has one
substrate
Substrate may refer to:
Physical layers
*Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached
** Substrate (aquatic environment), the earthy material that exi ...
, 3-sulfino-L-alanine (also known as
Cysteine sulfinic acid
Cysteine sulfinic acid is the organic compound with the nominal formula HO2SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H . It is a rare example of an amino acid bearing a sulfinic acid functional group. It is a white solid that is soluble in water. Like most natural amino acid ...
), and two
products
Product may refer to:
Business
* Product (business), an item that can be offered to a market to satisfy the desire or need of a customer.
* Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution
...
,
hypotaurine
Hypotaurine is a sulfinic acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of taurine. Like taurine, it also acts as an endogenous neurotransmitter via action on the glycine receptors. It is an osmolyte with antioxidant properties.
Hypotaurine ...
and
CO2.
This enzyme belongs to the family of
lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation
Redox ( , , reduction–oxidation or oxidatio ...
s, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The
systematic name
A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature.
A semisystematic name or semitrivi ...
of this enzyme class is 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase (hypotaurine-forming). Other names in common use include cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase, L-cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase, cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase, CADCase/CSADCase, CSAD, cysteic decarboxylase, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, sulfoalanine decarboxylase, and 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase. This enzyme participates in
taurine
Taurine (), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine. It is named after Latin (cogna ...
metabolism. It employs one
cofactor,
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has catalogued more than 140 PLP-dependen ...
.
Structural studies
As of late 2007, only one
structure
A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...
has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the
PDB accession code .
References
*
*
EC 4.1.1
Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes
Enzymes of known structure
{{4.1-enzyme-stub