Sulaymān Sayyid al-Dawla (or Sulaymān ibn Hūd) was the Hudid ruler of the ''

taifa The taifas (from ''ṭā'ifa'', plural ''ṭawā'if'', meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that em ...

s'' of

Dénia Dénia (; ) is a historical coastal city in the province of Alicante, Spain, on the Costa Blanca halfway between Alicante and Valencia (city in Spain), Valencia, and the capital and judicial seat of the Comarques of the Valencian Community, ''c ...

in 1090–1092 and

Lleida Lleida (, ; ; '' see below'') is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital and largest town in Segrià county, the Ponent region and the province of Lleida. Geographically, it is located in the Catalan Central Depression. It ...

and

Tortosa Tortosa (, ) is the capital of the '' comarca'' of Baix Ebre, in Catalonia, Spain. Tortosa is located at above sea level, by the Ebro river, protected on its northern side by the mountains of the Cardó Massif, of which Buinaca, one of the hi ...

in 1090–1099. Sulaymān was the son and successor of

Mundhir al-Ḥājib ʿImād al-Dawla Mundhir ibn al-Muqtadir (died 1090 ), called al-Ḥājib,Also romanized ''al-Ḥāyib'' (). Its latinization is ''Alfagit'' in the contemporary ''Historia Roderici'' (). was the Hudid ruler of the ''taifas'' of Dénia, Lleida and ...

. He was a minor at his accession and was under the guardianship of three men of the Banū Batīr, although the ''Memoirs'' of ʿAbd Allāh of Granada mentions a single

vizier A vizier (; ; ) is a high-ranking political advisor or Minister (government), minister in the Near East. The Abbasids, Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a help ...

. The regents divided the ''taifa'' between them, one holding Dénia, one Tortosa and another Játiva. They negotiated the payment of a large annual tribute (''

parias In medieval Spain, ''parias'' (from medieval Latin ''pariāre'', "to make equal n account, i.e. pay) were a form of tribute paid by the ''taifas'' of al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms of the north. ''Parias'' dominated relations between the ...

'') of 50,000

dinar The dinar () is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (''dīnār''), which was bor ...

s to the warlord

El Cid Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( – 10 July 1099) was a Castilian knight and ruler in medieval Spain. Fighting both with Christian and Muslim armies during his lifetime, he earned the Arabic honorific ("the Lord" or "the Master"), which would evolve i ...

. They also ceded to El Cid the towns of

Lucena Lucena (, American Spanish: , European Spanish: ), officially known as the City of Lucena (), is a highly urbanized city situated in the Calabarzon region (Region IV-A) of the Philippines. The city is the largest urban center and capital of ...

, and Villafranca. The vizier of Játiva had the castle of razed after offering it to El Cid in lieu of tribute. Sulaymān's residence was in Dénia. In 1091 or 1092, the

Almoravids The Almoravid dynasty () was a Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus, starting in the 1050s and lasting until its fall to the Almo ...

took Dénia and Játiva. Sulaymān fled to Tortosa. gives 1091, while , and , give 1092. The latest

dirham The dirham, dirhem or drahm is a unit of currency and of mass. It is the name of the currencies of Moroccan dirham, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates dirham, United Arab Emirates and Armenian dram, Armenia, and is the name of a currency subdivisi ...

s struck in his name at Dénia are from 1090 ( AH 483), while the sequence struck at Tortosa goes from 1090 down to 1099 (AH 492). In 1092, Sulaymān supplied troops to El Cid for the latter's campaign against

García Ordóñez García Ordóñez (died 29 May 1108), called de Nájera or de Cabra and Crispus or el Crespo de Grañón in the epic literature, was a Castilian magnate who ruled the Rioja, with his seat at Nájera, from 1080 until his death. He is famous in lit ...

. Later that year, the fleets of the republics of

Genoa Genoa ( ; ; ) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy. As of 2025, 563,947 people live within the city's administrative limits. While its metropolitan city has 818,651 inhabitan ...

and

Pisa Pisa ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Tuscany, Central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for the Leaning Tow ...

in concert with the land forces of

Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and ; ) is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces of Spain, ...

and

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

laid siege to Tortosa. They were beaten off, with the Aragonese suffering severe losses. The Almoravids took Tortosa sometime after their capture of Valencia in 1102.

Notes

Bibliography

* * * * {{refend 11th-century births 11th-century monarchs in Al-Andalus Banu Hud 11th-century Arab people