The Sukow or Sukow-Dziedzice group () or Sukow-Dziedzice culture (), also known as Szeligi culture, was an archaeological culture attributed to the

Early Slavs The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European languages, Indo-European dialects who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Ea ...

. Areal of sites lays between

Elbe The Elbe ( ; ; or ''Elv''; Upper Sorbian, Upper and , ) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Giant Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (western half of the Czech Republic), then Ge ...

and

Vistula The Vistula (; ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra i ...

rivers in Northeast Germany and North West

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. The earliest sites usually date to the second half of 7th and mid-8th centuries. There exist different views on its origin. It has features of both

Przeworsk culture The Przeworsk culture () was an Iron Age material culture in the region of what is now Poland, that dates from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD. It takes its name from the town Przeworsk, near the village where the first artifacts we ...

and

Prague-Korchak culture The Prague-Korchak culture was an archaeological culture attributed to the Early Slavs. The other contemporary main Early Slavic culture was the Prague-Penkovka culture situated further south, with which it makes up the "Prague-type pottery" gr ...

. In comparison to Carpathian Slavic-speaking population of Korchak-Mogilany-type some consider Sukow-Dziedzice's had different population, maybe indigenous to Poland or arrived from within Poland and Belarus or a mixture of Korchak Slavs and indigenous post-Przeworsk population. Slavic archaeologists including M. Kazanski identified the 6th-century Prague-Korchak culture and later Sukow-Dziedzice group as

Sclaveni The ' (in Latin language, Latin) or ' (Sclaveni#Terminology, various forms in Greek language, Greek) were Early Slavs, early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the p ...

archaeological cultures, and the

Penkovka culture The Penkovka culture (; also called Pen'kivka culture) is an archaeological culture in Ukraine, Moldova and reaching into Romania. Its western boundary is usually taken to at the middle Prut and Dniester rivers, where contact with the Korchak cul ...

(Prague-Penkovka) with Antes.

Dating

Most recent studies, based on dendrochronological evidence, conclude there is little evidence of a Slavic presence in Eastern Germany and Northwestern Poland before the end of the 7th or the early 8th century, and there was only sparse settlement till the 9th century.Brather, 2004, p. 317–318 The oldest dendrochronological date of Sukow settlement is dated to 591 CE, while oldest radiocarbon dating of finds to 599 CE ( Bosau-Bischofswarder), but according to the same data almost all early Slavic sites cannot be dated before 700 CE. Also, "palynological observations indicate a fast and drastic reduction in settlement during the sixth and seventh centuries, as it is shown by a minimum of cerealia and an increasing proportion of trees; nevertheless a total lack of settlement can not be deduced".

Later stages

The old theory mainly represented by Joachim Herrmann, who argued 7th century second wave immigration origin of later archaeological groups which replaced Sukow, is rejected by now. In that period only arrived first Slavic people of Sukow culture who didn't build yet strongholds.Biermann, 2011, p. 167 * Feldberg-type, also known as Feldberg- Kędrzyny or Feldberger-

Gołańcz Gołańcz () is a town in Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,333 inhabitants (2010). History Gołańcz was first mentioned in a document from 1222. It was granted town rights in the 14th century. It was a private tow ...

-Kędrzyny in Poland, appeared mainly in Pomerania and Mecklenburg, but also Little Poland and Southern Silesia, from mid-8th to late 9th century but in some parts was preserved until 9-10th century. Based on data collected, L. R. Lozny in 2013 considered that a minor percentage already appeared in the end of 7th and early 8th century. * Menkendorf-type, also known as Menkendorf-

Szczecin Szczecin ( , , ; ; ; or ) is the capital city, capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the Poland-Germany border, German border, it is a major port, seaport, the la ...

in Poland, followed Feldberg-type from late 8th or early 9th until the end of 10th century.Lozny, 2013, pp. 73–72

References

Sources

* Barford, M. Paul (2001). ''The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe''. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801439773 * Biermann, Felix (2011).
Functions of the Large Feldberg Type Strongholds from the 8th/9th Century in Mecklenburg and Pomerania
. ''Sprawozdania Archeologiczne'' (63), pp. 149–173 * Brather, Sebastian (2004).
The beginnings of Slavic settlement east of the river Elbe
. ''Antiquity'', Volume 78, Issue 300. pp. 314–329 * Brather, S. (2001; 2nd ed. 2008).
Archäologie der westlichen Slawen: Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa
'. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110206098 * Brather, S., Marek Dulinicz (2005).
Slawische Keramik. Elbslawen
in ''

Germanische Altertumskunde Online ''Germanische Altertumskunde Online'', formerly called ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde'', is a German encyclopedia of the study of Germanic history and cultures, as well as the cultures that were in close contact with them. The first ...

''. Volume 29. Walter de Gruyer, pp. 79–88. ISBN 3110183609 * * * * * *

Dating

Later stages

See also

References

Sources

Further reading