artiodactyl
The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla , ) are ungulates—hoofed animals—which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing poste ...
mammals that includes several of the extant members of
Suidae
Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or swine. In addition to numerous fossil species, 18 extant species are currently recognized (or 19 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified int ...
and their closest relatives – the
domestic pig
The pig (''Sus domesticus''), often called swine, hog, or domestic pig when distinguishing from other members of the genus ''Sus'', is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is variously considered a subspecies of ''Sus ...
and related species, such as
babirusa
The babirusas, also called deer-pigs ( id, babi rusa), are a genus, ''Babyrousa'', in the swine family found in the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi, Togian, Sula and Buru. All members of this genus were considered part of a single species until ...
s. Several extinct species within the Suidae are classified in subfamilies other than Suinae. However, the classification of the extinct members of the Suoidea – the larger group that includes the Suidae, the
peccary
A peccary (also javelina or skunk pig) is a medium-sized, pig-like hoofed mammal of the family Tayassuidae (New World pigs). They are found throughout Central and South America, Trinidad in the Caribbean, and in the southwestern area of No ...
family (Tayassuidae), and related extinct species – is controversial, and different classifications vary in the number of subfamilies within Suidae and their contents. Some classifications, such as the one proposed by paleontologist Jan van der Made in 2010, even exclude from Suinae some extant taxa of Suidae, placing these excluded taxa in other subfamilies.
Species
In their 1997 ''Classification of Mammals'',
Malcolm C. McKenna
Malcolm Carnegie McKenna (1930–2008) was an American paleontologist and author on the subject.
Paleontologist
McKenna began his paleontology career at the Webb School of California (grades 9-12) in Claremont, California, under noted paleontol ...
and Susan K. Bell classify the Suinae as:
*Tribe
Suini
Suinae is a subfamily of artiodactyl mammals that includes several of the extant members of Suidae and their closest relatives – the domestic pig and related species, such as babirusas. Several extinct species within the Suidae are classified ...
**Genus
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the '' Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed ...
Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Microstonyx'' (Miocene)
**Genus '' Porcula''
**Genus ''
Sus
Sus or SUS may refer to:
Places
* Sus, Lachin, a village
* Sus, Pune, India, a neighborhood
*Sus, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, a commune
*Susch, Graubünden, Switzerland, a municipality formerly called Süs
People
* Martin Sus (footballer ...
'' (
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...
to
Recent
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together ...
Kolpochoerus
''Kolpochoerus'' is an extinct genus of the pig family Suidae related to the modern-day genera ''Hylochoerus'' and ''Potamochoerus''. It is believed that most of them inhabited African forests, as opposed to the bushpig and red river hog that inha ...
'' (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus ''
Potamochoerus
''Potamochoerus'' (meaning "river pig") is a genus in the pig family (Suidae). The two species are restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, although the bushpig, possibly due to introduction by humans, also occurs in Madagascar and nearby islands. Earl ...
'' (Miocene to recent)
**Genus †'' Propotamochoerus'' (Miocene to Pliocene)
*Tribe † Hippohyini
**Genus †''
Hippohyus
''Hippohyus'' is an extinct genus of pig-like animals that lived during the Pliocene in India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most pop ...
'' (Pliocene)
**Genus †''
Sinohyus
''Sinohyus'' was a genus of ground dwelling omnivorous even toed ungulates that existed in Asia during the Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58
Phacochoerini
Phacochoerini is a tribe of even-toed ungulates which encompasses the warthogs.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q15618351
Suinae
Mammal tribes ...
**Genus †'' Metridiochoerus'' (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus '' Phacochoerus'' (Pliocene to recent)
**Genus '' Hylochoerus'' (Pleistocene to recent)
**Genus †''
Potamochoeroides
''Potamochoeroides'' was an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Pliocene in South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the sou ...
'' (Pliocene, possibly Pleistocene)
**Genus †''
Stylochoerus
''Stylochoerus'' was an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Pleistocene in Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democrat ...
'' (Pleistocene)
*Tribe Babyrousini
**Genus '' Babyrousa'' (Pleistocene to recent)
In the 2005 third edition of ''
Mammal Species of the World
''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' is a standard reference work in mammalogy giving descriptions and bibliographic data for the known species of mammals. It is now in its third edition, published in late 2005, ...
'', which treats only recent forms, Peter Grubb followed this classification.Grubb, 2005 The recent forms are wild boars, domestic pigs, and pygmy hogs together in one tribe, with warthogs, a genus of African pigs, and a genus of pigs from the islands of
Wallacea
Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as ...