Succineidae

Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails (and slugs), terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Succineoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Succineidae Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=181585 on 2021-02-23

They are commonly called amber snails because their thin fragile shells are translucent and amber-colored. They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes.

Succineidae is the only family in the superfamily Succineoidea.

The soft parts of the animal appear to be too large for the shell.Janus, Horst, 1965. ‘’The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs’’, Burke, London

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes varies greatly. The most common totals are less than 10, and also lies between 21 and 25, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The family Succineidae contains two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
* Succineinae Beck, 1837 - synonyms: Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882; Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986
* Catinellinae Odhner, 1950

Genera

Genera in the family Succineidae include:

* † '' Eoquickia'' Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016
* † '' Papyrotheca'' Brusina, 1893
* † '' Suratia'' Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2010

; Catinellinae Odhner, 1950
* '' Catinella'' Pease, 1870
* '' Indosuccinea'' Rao, 1924
* '' Mediappendix'' Pilsbry, 1948
* '' Quickella'' C. Boettgger, 1939
* '' Quickia'' Odhner, 1950

; Oxylomatinae Schileyko & Likharev, 1986
* '' Oxyloma'' Westerlund, 1885

; Succineinae Beck, 1837
* '' Austrosuccinea'' Iredale, 1937
* '' Boninosuccinea'' Habe, 1956
* '' Camptonyx'' Benson, 1858
* '' Helisiga'' Lesson, 1831
* '' Hyalimax'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
* † '' Laxisuccinea'' Cooke, 1921
* '' Lithotis'' W. T. Blanford, 1863
* '' Neosuccinea'' Matekin, 1956
* ''Novisuccinea'' Pilsbry, 1948
* '' Omalonyx'' d’Orbigny, 1837Robinson D. G., Hovestadt A., Fields A. & Breure A. S. H. (July 2009). "The land Mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species". ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' 83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a13
* '' Pamirsuccinea'' Schileyko & Likharev, 1986
* '' Spirancinea'' Iredale, 1945
* ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Succinella'' Mabille, 1871

;Nomen nudum:
* ''Papusuccinea'' Iredale, 1941

;Synonyms:
* Subfamily Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882: synonym of Succineinae H. Beck, 1837
* Subfamily Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986: synonym of Succineinae H. Beck, 1837
* ''Amphibina'' W. Hartmann, 1821: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Amphibulima'' Gistel, 1848: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 (Invalid: unnecessary substitute name for ''Succinea''; also a junior homonym of ''Amphibulima'' Lamarck, 1805)
* ''Arborcinea'' Iredale, 1937: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Brachyspira'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855 †: synonym of ''Succinea (Brachyspira)'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855 represented as ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Cerinasota'' Iredale, 1939: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Cochlohydra'' A. Férussac, 1821: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Homalonyx'' Ancey, 1881: synonym of '' Omalonyx'' d'Orbigny, 1838 (unjustified emendation)
* ''Hydrophyga'' Lindholm, 1927: synonym of ''Succinella'' Mabille, 1871
* ''Hydrotropa'' Lindholm, 1927: synonym of Oxyloma Westerlund, 18854* Lucena Hartmann, 1821: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Neohyalimax'' Simroth, 1896: synonym of ''Omalonyx'' d'Orbigny, 1838
* ''Succinastrum'' J. Mabille, 1871: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Succinoides'' Schileyko, 1967: synonym of ''Oxyloma (Succinoides)'' Schileyko, 1967 represented as '' Oxyloma'' Westerlund, 1885
* ''Tapada'' S. Studer, 1820: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801
* ''Truella'' Pease, 1871: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801

Conservation status

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) considers five species or subspecies of ambersnail as threatened with extinction, and a further three species are categorized as "data deficient" which were previously considered Vulnerable or Extinct, and two species are listed as Near Threatened.2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ww.iucnredlist.org/ref>

Threatened species

*'' Oxyloma kanabense'' - Kanab Ambersnail, Critically Endangered
*''Succinea piratarum'' - Endangered
*''Succinea quadrasi'' - Endangered
*''Boninosuccinea ogasawarae'' - Vulnerable
*''Boninosuccinea punctulispira'' - Vulnerable

Assigned other IUCN categories

*''Catinella arenaria'' - Sandbowl Snail, Near Threatened
*''Succinea sanctaehelenae'' - Near Threatened
*'' Succinea guamensis'' - Data Deficient, previously considered Extinct
*'' Succinea chittenangoensis'' - Chittenago Ovate Ambersnail - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable
*''Succinea philippinica'' - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable

References

External links

Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397.

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