Origins
Adler was influenced by the writings of Hans Vaihinger, and his concept of fictionalism, mental constructs, or working models of how to interpret the world. From them he evolved his notion of the teleological goal of an individual's personality, a fictive ideal, which he later elaborated with the means for attaining it into the whole style of life.The Life Style
The style of life reflects the individual's unique, unconscious, and repetitive way of responding to (or avoiding) the main tasks of living: friendship, love, and work. This style, rooted in a childhood prototype, remains consistent throughout life, unless it is changed through depth psychotherapy. The style of life is reflected in the unity of an individual's way of thinking, feeling, and acting. The life style was increasingly seen by Adler as a product of the individual's own creative power, as well as being rooted in early childhood situations. Clues to the nature of the life style are provided by dreams, memories (real or constructed), and childhood/adolescent activities. Often bending an individual away from the needs of others or of common sense, in favor of a private logic, movements are made to relieve inferiority feelings or to compensate for those feelings with an unconscious fictional final goal. At its broadest, the life style includesTypes of style
Adler felt he could distinguish four primary types of style. Three of them he said to be "mistaken styles". These include: #the ''ruling type'': aggressive, dominating people who don't have much social interest or cultural perception. #the ''getting type'': dependent people who take rather than give. #the ''avoiding type'': people who try to escape life's problems and take little part in socially constructive activity. #the ''socially useful'' type: people with a great deal of social interest and activity. Adler warns that the heuristic nature of types should not be taken seriously, for they should only be used "as a conceptual device to make more understandable the similarities of individuals". Furthermore, he claims that each individual cannot be typified or classified because each individual has a different, unique meaning and attitude toward what constitutes success.Religious interpretation
Adler used life style as a way of psychologising religion, seeing evil as a distortion in the style of life, driven by egocentrism, and grace as first the recognition of the faulty life style, and then its rectification by human help to rejoin the human community.Wider influence
* Wilhelm Stekel discussed the 'Life goals' (''Lebensziele'') set in childhood, and neurosis as their product, in what Henri Ellenberger described as "Adler's ideas expressed almost in his own words". * Strongly influenced by Adler was the idea of a ''life script'' inSee also
* Classical Adlerian psychology *References
Further reading
* Shulman, Bernard H. & Mosak, Harold H. (1988). Manual for Life Style Assessment. Muncie, IN: Accelerated Development. * Powers, Robert L. & Griffith, Jane (1987). Understanding Life-Style: The Psycho-Clarity Process. Chicago, IL: Americas Institute of Adlerian Studies. * Eckstein, Daniel & Kern, Roy (2009). Psychological Fingerprints: Lifestyle Assessments and Interventions. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. * Bishop, Malachy L. & Rule, Warren L. (2005). Adlerian Lifestyle Counseling: Practice and Research. New York: Routledge.External links