''Streptostele'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of air-breathing land snails,

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the subfamily Enneinae of the family

Streptaxidae Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi. ...

.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=875243 on 2022-06-30

Distribution

Indigenous distribution of the genus ''Streptostele'' include: *

Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The south ...

(4 described species, 2 undescribed species),...Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". ''

Journal of Molluscan Studies The ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Malacological Society of London, covering research in malacology.

'' 76(1): 87-100. . * islands in the

Gulf of Guinea The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude) is in the ...

the Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, ...

* Comoros *

Mascarenes The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Thei ...

Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of ''Diaphera'' Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". ''

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society The ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz (Linnean Society). ...

'' 160: 1-16. .

Species

Species within the genus ''Streptostele'' include: * ''

Streptostele abbreviata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' D. T. Holyoak, G. A. Holyoak & Sinclair, 2020 * '' Streptostele acicula'' (Morelet, 1877) * ''

Streptostele alluaudi ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914 * ''

Streptostele angustior ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' (Preston, 1911) * ''

Streptostele arambourgi ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Germain, 1934 * ''

Streptostele auriformis ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele babaulti ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Germain, 1919 * ''

Streptostele bacillum ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''

Streptostele bequaerti ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''

Streptostele bequaertiana ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' (Pilsbry, 1919) * ''

Streptostele buchholzi ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' E. von Martens, 1876 * ''

Streptostele candelula ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele centralis ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed ...

'' Pilsbry, 1919 * '' Streptostele cheranganiensis'' Germain, 1934 * ''

Streptostele clara ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele clavulus'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele coloba ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Pilsbry, 1919 * '' Streptostele columna'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele congoris'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''

Streptostele constricta ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele costulata'' E. von Martens, 1892 * '' Streptostele crassicrenulata'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele crassiplicata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele crenulata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (E.A. Smith, 1901) * '' Streptostele curvata'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele curvicolumella'' (Connolly, 1922) * ''

Streptostele cylindrica ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele decaryi ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (Fischer-Piette, Blanc, F. & Vukadinovic, 1974) * ''

Streptostele elegans ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914) * ''

Streptostele elgonensis ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele elongata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele exasperata'' Preston, 1912 * '' Streptostele fallooni'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele fastigiata'' (Morelet, 1848) * ''

Streptostele feai ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Germain, 1912 * ''

Streptostele folini ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (Morelet, 1858) * ''

Streptostele hasta ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele herma ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1912 * ''

Streptostele horei ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' E. A. Smith, 1890 * ''

Streptostele inconspicua ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World Reg ...

'' van Bruggen, 1964 * ''

Streptostele iota ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele jaeckeli ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Venmans, 1959 * ''

Streptostele jeanneli ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Germain, 1934 * ''

Streptostele jod ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele kenyana'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele kilimanjaroensis'' Blume, 1965 * '' Streptostele klemmi'' Blume, 1959 * '' Streptostele langi'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''

Streptostele lenta ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1903) * '' Streptostele leopoldvillensis'' Pilsbry, 1919 * '' Streptostele leroii'' (C. R. Boettger, 1915) * '' Streptostele lessensis'' (Pilsbry, 1919) * ''

Streptostele limpida ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (E. von Martens, 1897) * '' Streptostele milneedwardsi'' (Bourguignat, 1883) * '' Streptostele minor'' E. von Martens, 1897 * ''

Streptostele modelli ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Blume, 1952 * ''

Streptostele monotropha ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (Germain, 1934) * '' Streptostele moreletiana'' Dohrn, 1866 * '' Streptostele nitida'' Neubert, 2004 * '' Streptostele nyiroensis'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele ordinaria'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele oribates'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele osculum ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele patruelis'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele polymorpha'' Preston, 1912 * '' Streptostele rutshuruensis'' (Pilsbry, 1919) * ''

Streptostele sanctuarii ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' van Bruggen, 1966 * ''

Streptostele scotti ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1941 * ''

Streptostele signata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele simplex ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' E. A. Smith, 1890 * ''

Streptostele sinuilabiata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1922 * ''

Streptostele streptosteloides ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (E. von Martens, 1897) * ''

Streptostele subangusta ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' E. von Martens, 1891 * ''

Streptostele subvaricosa ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (E. von Martens, 1897) * ''

Streptostele suradensis ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Connolly, 1931 * '' Streptostele terebra'' (Preston, 1911) * '' Streptostele teres'' Pilsbry, 1919 * ''

Streptostele truncata ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Germain, 1915 * '' Streptostele unidentata'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele urguessensis'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele validor'' Connolly, 1922 * '' Streptostele varicosa'' (d'Ailly, 1910) * ''

Streptostele venusta ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1903) * ''

Streptostele vicina ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' (Preston, 1911) * '' Streptostele vitroni'' Fischer-Piette, C. P. Blanc, F. Blanc & F. Salvat, 1994 * ''

Streptostele zambiensis ''Streptostele'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Streptostele Dohrn, 1866. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Pilsbry, 1919 subgenus ? * "''Streptostele'' (''Streptostele'') species A" from

* "''Streptostele'' (''Streptostele'') species B" from Uganda

Synonyms

* ''Streptostele bonjongoensis'' Tryon, 1885: synonym of '' Rhabdogulella buchholzi'' (E. von Martens, 1876) (unnecessary, unused replacement name) * ''Streptostele dautzenbergi'' Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of ''Streptostele minor'' E. von Martens, 1897 (junior synonym) * ''Streptostele insignis'' (E. A. Smith, 1898): synonym of ''Streptostele musaecola'' (Morelet, 1860): synonym of '' Tomostele musaecola'' (Morelet, 1860) (junior synonym) * ''Streptostele lucida'' (J. S. Gibbons, 1879): synonym of ''Streptostele bawriensis'' (Pilsbry, 1905) (junior secondary homonym replaced by Opeas bawriense Pilsbry, 1905) * ''Streptostele maheensis'' Connolly, 1925: synonym of ''Streptostele acicula'' (Morelet, 1877) (junior synonym) * ''Streptostele meridionalis'' van Bruggen, 1966: synonym of ''Streptostele herma'' Connolly, 1912 (junior synonym) * ''Streptostele musaecola'' (Morelet, 1860): synonym of '' Tomostele musaecola'' (Morelet, 1860) * ''Streptostele roccatii'' (Pollonera, 1906): synonym of '' Primigulella linguifera'' (E. von Martens, 1895)

References

* Thiele, J. (1911). Mollusken der deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1907–1908. Band III, Zoologie I. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann. Pp. 175–214. * Holyoak, D. T.; Holyoak, G. A.; Lima, R. F. D.; Panisi, M.; Sinclair, F. (2020). A checklist of the land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, with new records and descriptions of new taxa. Iberus: Revista de la Sociedad Española de Malacología, (Iberus).38(2): 219–319.

External links

Smith, E. A. (1890). On a new genus and some new species of shells from Lake Tanganyika. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 6, 6: 93-96

Boettger, C. R. & Haas, F. (1915). Beiträge zur Molluskenfauna des Sudans. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere.
Streptaxidae {{Streptaxidae-stub