''Streptomyces albidoflavus'' is a bacterium species from the genus of ''

Streptomyces ''Streptomyces'', from στρεπτός (''streptós''), meaning "twisted", and μύκης (''múkés''), meaning "fungus", is the largest genus of Actinomycetota, and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 700 species of ''St ...

'' which has been isolated from soil from

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. ''Streptomyces albidoflavus'' produces

dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic compound of phthalate which is commonly used as a plasticizer because of its low toxicity and wide liquid range. With the chemical formula C6H4(CO2C4H9)2, it is a colorless oil, although impurities often r ...

and streptothricins.

Small noncoding RNA

Bacterial small RNAs are involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Using deep sequencing ''S. albidoflavus'' transcriptome was analysed at the end of exponential growth. 63 small RNAs were identified. Expression of 11 of them was confirmed by Northern blot. The sRNAs were shown to be only present in ''Streptomyces'' species. sRNA scr4677 (''Streptomyces coelicolor'' sRNA 4677) is located in the intergenic region between anti-sigma factor ''SCO4677'' gene and a putative regulatory protein gene ''SCO4676''. ''scr4677'' expression requires the ''SCO4677'' activity and ''scr4677'' sRNA itself seem to affect the levels of the ''SCO4676''-associated transcripts. Targets of two of ''S. albidoflavus'' noncoding RNAs have been identified. Noncoding RNA of Glutamine Synthetase I was shown to modulate antibiotic production. The small RNA scr5239 (''Streptomyces coelicolor'' sRNA upstream of SCO5239) has two targets. It inhibits agarase DagA expression by direct base pairing to the dagA coding region, and it represses translation of methionine synthase ''metE'' (SCO0985) at the 5' end of its

open reading frame In molecular biology, reading frames are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the six possible reading frames ...

Fatty acid synthesis

crystal structure In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat ...

is available of the ''S. albidoflavus'' ''S''-malonyltransferase. ''S. albidoflavus''s ACP ''S''-MT is involved in both

fatty acid synthesis In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes. Two ''De novo synthesis, de novo'' fatty acid syntheses can be distinguished: cytosolic fatty acid synthesis (FAS/FASI) ...

II and

polyketide synthase Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi- domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages. The biosyntheses of polyketides share ...

and is structurally similar to ''

Escherichia coli ''Escherichia coli'' ( )Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus '' Escherichia'' that is commonly fo ...

''s analogue.

Usage in biotechnology

Strains of ''S. albidoflavus'' produce various

antibiotic An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting pathogenic bacteria, bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the therapy ...

s, including actinorhodin, methylenomycin, undecylprodigiosin, and perimycin. Certain strains of ''S. albidoflavus'' can be used for heterologous protein expression.

DNA repair

The Ku

homolog In biology, homology is similarity in anatomical structures or genes between organisms of different taxa due to shared ancestry, ''regardless'' of current functional differences. Evolutionary biology explains homologous structures as retained her ...

is SCF55.25c. It contains a Shrimp alkaline phosphatase-like (SAP-like) domain at the

C-terminus The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comp ...

. ''S. albidoflavus'' produces a (putatively) single-domain protein SC9H11.09c which is homologous to the LigD NucDom which is common to many bacterial LigDs. ( LigDs are a subfamily of DNA ligases. In bacteria many, but not all LigDs have additional

nuclease In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds that link nucleotides together to form nucleic acids. Nucleases variously affect single and ...

domains branched from the universally present central

ligase In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining ( ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting i ...

domain. If present - as in this case - the nuclease domain is an

N-terminus The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amin ...

extension.)

Genetics

The genome consists of a single linear molecule, and although Ku would be expected to perform end maintenance, none has been observed so far.

References

External links

Type strain of ''Streptomyces albidoflavus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
{{Taxonbar, from=Q22286833 albidoflavus Bacteria described in 1948