The Straubing culture (or Straubingen culture) is the name for a

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

culture which spread primarily in the territory of modern-day

Lower Bavaria Lower Bavaria (, ; ) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. It consists of nine districts and 258 municipalities (including three cities). Geography Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two ...

and

Upper Austria Upper Austria ( ; ; ) is one of the nine States of Austria, states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg (state), Salzbur ...

between the 22nd to 16th centuries BC. The Straubingen culture was part of the Northern Alpine EBA, which is classified as the western-most part of the Danubian EBA which was extended from the Rhine Valley in the west to Upper Austria in the East. It was recognized as an autonomous culture by Karl Schumacher in

1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...

Characteristics

Economy

The economy was sustained mainly by

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

and the

herding Herding is the act of bringing individual animals together into a group (herd), maintaining the group, and moving the group from place to place—or any combination of those. Herding can refer either to the process of animals forming herds in ...

of diverse animal species. Important was also the metallurgic sector.

Dwellings

Hamlets constituted by one or two long-houses placed west of their graveyards. The houses were made of wood, with a North-South orientation; basically were

longhouses A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe, and North America. Many were built from timber and often re ...

composed by one or two

naves The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type b ...

Burials

The burial practices continued the

Bell Beaker Culture The Bell Beaker culture, also known as the Bell Beaker complex or Bell Beaker phenomenon, is an archaeological culture named after the inverted-bell beaker drinking vessel used at the beginning of the European Bronze Age, arising from around ...

rites involving sex-differentiated body positioning in a crouched position as with the orientation of the tomb. Some objects found with buried individuals were bronze daggers, bracelets, and even objects made of

amber Amber is fossilized tree resin. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since antiquity."Amber" (2004). In Maxine N. Lurie and Marc Mappen (eds.) ''Encyclopedia ...

Genetic profile

Y-DNA analysis with enough genetic coverage was obtained from 21 male individuals buried in the Lech valley, five sampled individuals had derived alleles placing them on the lineage spanning R1b-M269 to R1b-L11/P310, but were not covered at P312/S116; 15 sampled males had the subvariant R1b-P312/S116* (with no more derived alleles further downstream called). There was only a male from the I clade. The autosomal composition detected was ~13% Western HG, ~47% Anatolian farmer, ~38%

Yamnaya The Yamnaya ( ) or Yamna culture ( ), also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, is a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers (the Pontic–C ...

Gallery

File:GBM - Bronzezeit 6a Keramik.jpg File:GBM - Bronzezeit 8 Scheibenkopfnadeln.jpg

Bibliography

* Gustav Behrens: ''Straubinger Stufe.'' In: Max Ebert (Hrsg.): ''Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte.'' Band 12: ''Seedorfer Typus – südliches Afrika.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 1928, S. 460. * Hans-Jürgen Hundt: ''Katalog Straubing.'' Band 1: Hans-Jürgen Hundt: ''Die Funde der Glockenbecher-Kultur und der Straubinger Kultur'' (= ''Materialhefte zur bayerischen Vorgeschichte.'' Bd. 11, ). Lassleben, Kallmünz/Oberpfalz 1958. * Birgit Lißner: ''Zu den frühbronzezeitlichen Gruppen in Süddeutschland.'' In: ''Leipziger online-Beiträge zur ur- und frühgescheschichtlichen Archäologie.'' Bd. 13, 2004, , S. 69–88
online (PDF; 655 KB)
. * Karl H. Rieder: ''Archäologie um Ingolstadt. Ergebnisse der letzten 3 Jahre. Ausstellung des Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege. 5.–27. November 1983.'' Historischer Verein, Ingolstadt 1983. * Angelika Wegener-Hüssen, Gerd Riedel (Red.): '' Ingolstadt und der oberbayerische Donauraum'' (= ''Führer zu archäologischen Denkmälern in Deutschland.'' Bd. 42). Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1716-5.

Notes

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External links

Rich graves of the Early Bronze Age (Straubing culture) (2016 - in German)
Bronze Age cultures of Europe