''Stramonita'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the subfamily

Rapaninae Rapaninae is a subfamily (biology), subfamily of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Muricidae.Houart, R. (2011). Rapaninae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:// ...

of the family

Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With over 1,700 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neog ...

, the rock snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Stramonita Schumacher, 1817. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138206 on 2022-06-25

Description

The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is elevated. The

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). In nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...

s are simple or nodulous. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is moderate and produced anteriorly. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

is rounded and simple in front.Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
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Species

The genus ''Stramonita'' contains the following species: * '' Stramonita alderi'' Petuch & Berschauer, 2020 *'' Stramonita biserialis'' (Blainville, 1832) * '' Stramonita brasiliensis'' Claremont & D.G. Reid, 2011 * '' Stramonita buchecki'' Petuch, 2013 *'' Stramonita canaliculata'' (

Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...

, 1839) * '' Stramonita dayunensis'' (Z.-Y. Chen & Z.-J. You, 2009) *'' Stramonita delessertiana'' ( Orbigny, 1841) *'' Stramonita floridana'' (

Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) * Saint Conrad (disambiguation) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washington Elsewher ...

, 1837) *''

Stramonita haemastoma ''Stramonita haemastoma'', common name the red-mouthed rock shell or the Florida dog winkle, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. Subspecies ''Stramonita haemastoma'' contains ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

, 1767) *'' Stramonita rustica'' (

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

, 1822) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Stramonita armigera'' (Link, 1807) accepted as ''

Mancinella armigera ''Mancinella armigera'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.MolluscaBase (2018). ''Mancinella armigera'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http ...

'' Link, 1807 * ''Stramonita bicarinata'' (Blainville, 1832) accepted as '' Stramonita rustica'' (Lamarck, 1822) *''Stramonita bicarinata'' (Blainville, 1832): synonym of ''Stramonita rustica'' (

, 1822) *''Stramonita blainvillei'' (

Deshayes Deshayes is a surname of French origin. * André-Jean-Jacques Deshayes (1777–1846), French ballet dancer and choreographer * Arnouph Deshayes de Cambronne (1768–1846), French governor * Catherine Deshayes, widow Monvoisin, known as "La Voisin ...

, 1844): synonym of ''Stramonita delessertiana'' ( Orbigny, 1841) *''Stramonita chocolata'' (Duclos, 1832): synonym of ''

Thaisella chocolata ''Thaisella chocolata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.MolluscaBase (2018). ''Thaisella chocolata'' (Duclos, 1832). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...

'' (Duclos, 1832) *''Stramonita hederacea''

Schumacher Schumacher or Schuhmacher is an occupational surname (German, "shoemaker", pronounced , both variants can be used as surnames, with Schumacher being the more popular one, however, only the variant with three "h"s can also be used as a job descript ...

, 1817: synonym of ''

Nassa serta ''Nassa serta'', commonly known as the sertum rock shell, is a species of sea snail in the family Muricidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2025). ''Nassa serta'' (Bruguière, 1789). In: MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 1 April 2025, fr ...

'' (

Bruguière Bruguière is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Barthélemy Bruguière (1792-1835), first Apostolic Vicar of Korea *Jean-Louis Bruguière (born 1943), French judge *Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1749 or 1750–1798), French physicia ...

, 1789) * ''Stramonita muricina'' (Blainville, 1832) accepted as ''

Semiricinula muricina ''Semiricinula muricina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as ...

'' (Blainville, 1832)

References

* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 * Claremont M., Williams S.T., Barraclough T.G. & Reid D.G. (2011) ''The geographic scale of speciation in a marine snail with high dispersal potential''. Journal of Biogeography 38: 1016–1032. * Claremont M., Vermeij G.J., Williams S.T. & Reid D.G. (2013) Global phylogeny and new classification of the Rapaninae (Gastropoda: Muricidae), dominant molluscan predators on tropical rocky seashores. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66: 91–102.

External links

Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenghagen. iv + 288 pp., 22 pls.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3140027 Rapaninae