Strait Of Madura
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Madura Strait is a stretch of water that separates the
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
n islands of
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
and
Madura is an list of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island comprises an area of approximately (administratively including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administratively ...
, in the province of
East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...
. The
island An island or isle is a piece of land, distinct from a continent, completely surrounded by water. There are continental islands, which were formed by being split from a continent by plate tectonics, and oceanic islands, which have never been ...
s of Kambing, Giliraja, Genteng, and Ketapang lie in the Strait. The
Suramadu Bridge The Suramadu Bridge (, Javanese language, Javanese: ''Kreteg Suramadu'', Madurese language, Madurese: ''Tètè Suramadu''; from the abbreviation of ''Surabaya–Madura Bridge'') is a cable-stayed bridge between Surabaya on the island of Java (is ...
, the longest in Indonesia, spans the strait between
Surabaya Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Provinces of Indonesia, province and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strai ...
on Java and
Bangkalan Bangkalan ( Madurese: ''Bhângkalan'') is a town on the western coast of Madura Island in Indonesia, the government seat of the Bangkalan Regency. Tourism Mount Jaddih is 10 kilometres from Bangkalan and can be accessed by a motorcycle to the mo ...
on Madura. In some old Western and old Indonesian sources, the strait commonly appears as Surabaya Strait ( Indonesian: ''Selat Surabaya''), but this name is not accepted in the official
cartography Cartography (; from , 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and , 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can ...
.


Geography

The Madura Strait is located in the east of the province of northern East Java, precisely in the southwest, north, and east of the city of Surabaya; east of
Sidoarjo Regency Sidoarjo Regency () is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. It is bordered by Surabaya City and Gresik Regency to the north, by Pasuruan Regency to the south, by Mojokerto Regency to the west, and by the Madura Strait to the east. It has a land ar ...
; west and south of the island of Madura; and north of the
Pasuruan Pasuruan () is a city in East Java Province of Java, Indonesia. It had a population of 186,262 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 208,006 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at ...
,
Probolinggo Probolinggo (, , Javanese language, Javanese: ''Kuthå Pråbålinggå'') is a city on the north coast of East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 56.676 sq. km, and had a population of 217,062 at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Stati ...
, and Situbondo area. In this strait there are also small islands, including Kambing Island, Giliraja Island, and Genteng Island near the island of Madura, and Ketapang Island in the coastal waters of Probolinggo Regency. As a maritime
waterway A waterway is any Navigability, navigable body of water. Broad distinctions are useful to avoid ambiguity, and disambiguation will be of varying importance depending on the nuance of the equivalent word in other ways. A first distinction is ...
, the Madura strait connects various seas along the
Java sea The Java Sea (, ) is an extensive shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf, between the Indonesian islands of Borneo to the north, Java to the south, Sumatra to the west, and Sulawesi to the east. Karimata Strait to its northwest links it to the South Ch ...
, Bali sea, and
Bali strait Bali Strait is a stretch of water separating Java and Bali while connecting the Indian Ocean and the Bali Sea. At its narrowest it is wide. Geography The Bali Strait is one of the bodies of water surrounding the island of Bali: Lombok Strait ...
. A remarkable story about the origin of the Madura Strait is contained in the Javanese historical poem of
Nagarakertagama The ''Nagarakretagama'' or ''Nagarakṛtāgama'', also known in Bali as ''Desawarnana'' or ''Deśavarṇana'', is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire. It was written on lontar as a ''kakawin'' by ...
, dating from circa 1365. According to the author of the poem, the strait between Java and Madura, which originally were supposedly a single island, was formed in 202 as a result of a powerful earthquake. This version does not have any scientific confirmation.


Culture and economic importance

The Madura Strait coastal community has a culture similar to other coastal communities. One of its customs is a tradition held on a specific date, based on the
Islamic calendar The Hijri calendar (), also known in English as the Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the Ramad ...
, called ''Pethik Laut'', in the form of offerings carried together and released in the middle of the beach. The livelihood of the majority of people throughout the Madura Strait coastline is as
fishermen A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish. Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recr ...
and salt farmers; the strait coastal area is also one of the largest salt producers in Indonesia. The Madura Strait is also a center for tourism, industry and transportation. A power plant, PLTU Paiton, is located on the coast of the strait, in the Paiton sub-district, Probolinggo Regency, and is one of the largest of Java. Tourism attractions on the Madura Strait coast include the famous ones at Kenjeran Beach in Surabaya, Bentar Beach in Probolinggo District, and Pasir Putih Beach in
Situbondo Regency Situbondo Regency ( Madurese: ''Kabhupatèn Situbânḍâ'') is a regency ''(kabupaten)'' in the east of East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,658.03 km2, and had a population of 647,619 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statisti ...
. Sea transportation facilities include ferry boats, which connect the Madura Strait on two lines, namely the line connecting Ujung Port (Surabaya) with the Port of Kamal (Bangkalan, Madura), and the line connecting Kalianget Port (Sumenep, Madura) with Pelabuhan Jangkar (Situbondo, East Java). Another transportation facility is the
Suramadu Bridge The Suramadu Bridge (, Javanese language, Javanese: ''Kreteg Suramadu'', Madurese language, Madurese: ''Tètè Suramadu''; from the abbreviation of ''Surabaya–Madura Bridge'') is a cable-stayed bridge between Surabaya on the island of Java (is ...
as a means of land transportation connecting Java with Madura, having a major impact on the economy of the two islands.


References


Further reading

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External links

Straits of Indonesia Landforms of East Java Madura Island Landforms of Java Greater Sunda Islands {{EJava-geo-stub