Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler ("Shock Troop-Hitler") was a small, short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
in 1923. Notable members included
Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, Hess held that position un ...
,
Julius Schreck,
Joseph Berchtold,
Emil Maurice,
Erhard Heiden
Erhard Heiden (23 February 1901 – 1933) was an early member of the Nazi Party and the third commander of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), the paramilitary wing of the ''Sturmabteilung'' ("Storm Detachment; SA"). He was appointed head of the SS, an ...
,
Ulrich Graf
Ulrich Graf (6 July 1878 – 3 March 1950) was an early member of the Nazi Party and one of Adolf Hitler's inner circle. In 1923, he served in a bodyguard unit for Hitler and was wounded in the Beer Hall Putsch. He was a long serving member o ...
, and
Bruno Gesche.
Formation
In the earliest days of the Nazi Party, the leadership realized that a bodyguard unit composed of zealous and reliable men was needed.
Ernst Röhm formed a guard formation from the ''19.Granatwerfer-Kompanie''; from this formation the ''
Sturmabteilung
The (; SA; literally "Storm Detachment (military), Detachment") was the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s. Its primary purposes were providing pro ...
'' (SA) soon evolved. In early 1923, Hitler ordered a separate small bodyguard unit formed. It was dedicated to his service rather than "a suspect mass" of the party, such as the SA. Originally the unit was composed of only eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold. It was designated the ''Stabswache'' (staff guard). The ''Stabswache'' were issued unique badges, but at this point the ''Stabswache'' was still under overall SA control. Schreck resurrected the use of the ''
Totenkopf
''Totenkopf'' (, i.e. ''skull'', literally "dead person's head") is the German word for the skull and crossbones symbol. The "skull and crossbones" symbol is an old international symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as ...
'' (i.e. skull) as the unit's insignia, a symbol various elite forces had used throughout the
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
n kingdom and the later
German Empire.
In May 1923, the unit was renamed ''Stoßtrupp''–Hitler. The unit numbered no more than 20 members at that time. All were considered Hitler loyalists. According to the
Historical Lexicon of Bavaria the unit later had around 100 members. On 9 November 1923, the ''Stoßtrupp'', along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive
Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and oth ...
in
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party and all associated formations, including the ''Stoßtrupp'', were disbanded.
Notable members
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Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, Hess held that position un ...
*
Julius Schreck
*
Joseph Berchtold
*
Emil Maurice
*
Erhard Heiden
Erhard Heiden (23 February 1901 – 1933) was an early member of the Nazi Party and the third commander of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), the paramilitary wing of the ''Sturmabteilung'' ("Storm Detachment; SA"). He was appointed head of the SS, an ...
*
Ulrich Graf
Ulrich Graf (6 July 1878 – 3 March 1950) was an early member of the Nazi Party and one of Adolf Hitler's inner circle. In 1923, he served in a bodyguard unit for Hitler and was wounded in the Beer Hall Putsch. He was a long serving member o ...
*
Bruno Gesche
*
Christian Weber
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Karl Fiehler
*
Walter Buch
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Hermann Fobke
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Karl Laforce
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
*
Wilhelm Laforce
*
Josef Gerum
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Hans Kallenbach
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Philipp Kitzinger
*
Alois Rosenwink[ Heinz Höhne: Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf, 1967, p. 83.]
See also
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Schutzstaffel
The ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS; also stylized as ''ᛋᛋ'' with Armanen runes; ; "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe d ...
*
Führerbegleitkommando
*
Adolf Hitler's bodyguard
Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany, initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust.
He was hated by his persecuted enemies and even by some of his own countrymen. ...
References
Citations
Bibliography
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stosstrupp-Hitler
1923 establishments in Germany
Adolf Hitler
Military wings of fascist parties
Early Nazism (–1933)
Nazi Party organizations
Military units and formations established in 1923