''Stomatia'', common name the keeled wide mouths, is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
sea snails,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...
, the top snails.
Description
The spiral shell is oblong or depressed orbicular. The
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...
is prominent but short. The surface is tubercled or keeled. The
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane flo ...
s show a series of short folds below the
suture. The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An ...
is either oblong or transversely oval, and
longer than wide or the reverse. The interior of the shell is nacreous. There is no
operculum.
''Stomatia'' is closely allied to ''
Stomatella
''Stomatella'' is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails and their allies.
Lamarck in the Philos. Zool., 1809, mentioned the genus as "Stomatelle" but did not describe the ...
'', differing in the generally more elongated shell with a series of short folds or puckers below the sutures. Usually the
body whorl has a tuberculous carina.
The animal is too large to entirely enter the shell. The foot is large, fleshy, tubercular, greatly produced posteriorly. The epipodium is fringed, with a more prominent fimbriated lobe behind the left tentacle, and on the right there is a slightly projecting fold or gutter leading to the respiratory cavity. There are digitated intertentacular lobes.
Distribution
This marine genus occurs in tropical Indo-West Pacific,
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...
,
Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republi ...
and
Australia.
Species
Species within the genus ''Stomatia'' include:
* ''
Stomatia decussata''
A. Adams, 1850
* ''
Stomatia phymotis''
(Hebling, 1779)
* ''
Stomatia splendidula''
A. Adams, 1855
The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also mentions the following species
* ''
Stomatia acuminata''
A. Adams, 1850
* ''
Stomatia sulcata
''Stomatia'', common name the keeled wide mouths, is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.
Description
The spiral shell is oblong or depressed orbicular. The S ...
''
(Lamarck, 1816) (synonyms: ''
Stomatolina rubra
''Stomatolina rubra'', common name the red stomatolina, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.
Description
The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 18 mm. The depresse ...
''
(Lamarck, 1822), ''Stomatella sulcata''
Lamarck, 1816 and ''Stomatia sculpturata''
Preston, 1914)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Stomatia angulata''
A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''
Stomatolina angulata
''Stomatolina angulata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Stomatolina angulata'' (A. Adams, 1850). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://ww ...
''
(A. Adams, 1850)
* ''Stomatia australis''
A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''
Stomatia phymotis''
Helbling, 1779
* ''Stomatia azonea''
Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''
Megalomphalus azoneus
''Megalomphalus'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Vanikoridae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Megalomphalus'' include:
* ''Megalomphalus azoneus'' (Brusina, 186 ...
''
(Brusina, 1865)
* ''Stomatia depressa''
Sowerby, 1874: synonym of
Stomatolina sanguinea
''Stomatolina sanguinea'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Marshall, B. (2013). Stomatolina sanguinea (A. Adams, 1850). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http ...
(A. Adams, 1850)
* ''Stomatia duplicata''
G.B. Sowerby I, 1823:
synonym of ''
Stomatella duplicata
''Stomatella duplicata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Stomatella duplicata'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1823). Accessed through: Worl ...
''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1823)
* ''Stomatia kutschigi''
Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''
Fossarus ambiguus
''Fossarus ambiguus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Planaxidae.
Distribution
Description
The maximum recorded shell
Shell may refer to:
Architecture and design
* Shell (structure), a thin struc ...
''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Stomatia obscurata''
Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''
Stomatia phymotis''
Helbling, 1779
* ''Stomatia picta''
d'Orbigny, 1847: synonym of ''
Synaptocochlea picta
''Synaptocochlea picta'', common name the painted false stomatella, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico a ...
''
(d'Orbigny, 1847)
* ''Stomatia planulata''
Schepman, 1908: synonym of ''
Microtis tuberculata''
A. Adams, 1850
* ''Stomatia (Microtis) heckeliana''
Crosse, 1871: synonym of ''
Microtis tuberculata''
A. Adams, 1850
* ''Stomatia (Miraconcha) obscura''
Sowerby, G.B. III, 1874: synonym of ''
Stomatia phymotis''
(Hebling, 1779)
References
* Helbling, 1779: Abhandlungen einer Privatgesellschaft in Böhmen zur Aufnahme der Mathematik, der vaterländischen Geschichte und der Naturgeschichte, 4: 124
* Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (2001) ''Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan''. Gastropoda Bivalvia Polyplacophora Scaphopoda Type Figures. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 208 pp.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7618727
Trochidae
Gastropod genera