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Pantler (, , russian: сто́льник, ) was a court office in Lithuania,
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is divided into Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 mill ...
, and
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
, responsible for serving the royal table, then an honorary court title and a district office.


Stolnik in Crown of Poland

In the
Crown of Poland The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includi ...
under the first Piast dukes and kings, this was a court office. From the 14th century, it was an honorary court title in the
Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to: Historical political entities * Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031 * Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
, since the 16th century. * Grand Pantler of the Crown () * Pantler of the Crown () * Court Pantler of the Crown () According to the 1768 district office hierarchy, the Pantler's position in the Crown of Poland was superior to that of Deputy cup-bearer and inferior to that of district judge.


Stalininkas in Lithuania

In Lithuania, the pantler's position emerged in the late 15th century, comparatively later than Maršalka,
Treasurer A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk management, and corporate finance. Government The treasury o ...
, and
Cup-bearer A cup-bearer was historically an officer of high rank in royal courts, whose duty was to pour and serve the drinks at the royal table. On account of the constant fear of plots and intrigues (such as poisoning), a person must have been regarded as ...
, with the first Grand Pantler of Lithuania, , being known from 1475. Initially, the pantler's took care of the Grand Duke's food warehouses, distribution of food, his manor's parks, gardens, ponds, and villages assigned to the estates. However, in the late 16th century, the position becoming purely ceremonial and the individual was charged with serving the Grand Duke at the table only during feasts. It was the sons of
Lithuanian nobility The Lithuanian nobility or szlachta (Lithuanian: ''bajorija, šlėkta'') was historically a legally privileged hereditary elite class in the Kingdom of Lithuania and Grand Duchy of Lithuania (including during period of foreign rule 1795–191 ...
that began their service in the ruler's court who were assigned the role of the pantler. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the pantlers came from various families such as Alšėniškiai, Kęsgaila, ,
Hlebavičiai Hlebavičiai or Hlebowicz family were a magnate family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th to 17th centuries. They originated from Lithuania Proper and they were Roman Catholic. The family is mentioned in The Trilogy of Henryk Sienkie ...
, Chodkevičiai, Radvila, Sapiega and others.
Stanisław August Poniatowski Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch ...
was the Pantler of Lithuania from 1755 to 1764, while the last one from 1764 to 1795 was Józef Klemens Czartoryski. There were two types of pantlers in Lithuania: * Grand Pantler of Lithuania () * Pantler of Lithuania () According to the 1768 district office hierarchy of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lit ...
, the Pantler was superior to '' podstoli'' and inferior to '' wojski''.


Stolnik in Russia

''Stolniks'' were known as palace servants of the Russian rulers since the 13th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries they were young nobles who brought dishes to the
tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the te ...
's table, looked after his bedroom, and accompanied him in travels. The highest category comprised the ''room'' or ''closer stolniks''. ''Stolniks'' could simultaneously serve in the
foreign office Foreign may refer to: Government * Foreign policy, how a country interacts with other countries * Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in many countries ** Foreign Office, a department of the UK government ** Foreign office and foreign minister * United S ...
or in the
army An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
. They were ranked fifth in the hierarchy of Russian bureaucracy, after ''
boyar A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgaria, Russia, Wallachia and Moldavia, and later Romania, Lithuania and among Baltic Germans. Boyars were s ...
s'', ''
okolnichy Okolnichy (russian: око́льничий, ) was an old Muscovite court official position. According to the '' Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'', directives on the position of ''okolnichy'' date back to the 14th century. Judging by ...
s'',
duma A duma (russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term ''boyar duma'' is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were f ...
nobles, and
duma A duma (russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term ''boyar duma'' is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were f ...
'' dyaks''. ''Stolniks'' were also attached to episcopal administrations as were other similar offices also found in the grand princely or tsarist administration. For example, ''stolniks'' are found in documents from the archiepiscopal records in
Veliky Novgorod Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ...
.B. D. (Boris Dmitrevich) Grekov, ''Novgorodskii Dom sviatoi Sofii; opyt izucheniia organizatsii i vnutrennikh otnoshenii krupnoi tserkovnoi votchiny, chast” I'' (St. Petersburg: M. Aleksandrova, 1914. Reprinted in Izbrannye trudy, vol. 4: 7-436).


See also

*
Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth This article discusses the organizational and administrative structure of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a confederative aristocratic republic of the period 1569–1795, comprising the Kingdom ...
. *
Stavilac Stavilac ( sr-cyr, ставилац, literally meaning "placer") was a court title in Medieval Bosnia and Medieval Serbia in the Middle Ages. It was similar to the Byzantine court offices of ''domestikos'' and cup-bearer (''pinkernes'', known in Ser ...


References

Court titles Polish titles Lithuanian titles Russian nobility Court titles in the Middle Ages Food services occupations Ceremonial occupations Slavic titles {{Russia-hist-stub