Stolidobranchia is an order of

tunicate Tunicates are marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata ( ). This grouping is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ...

s in the class

Ascidiacea Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts, is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer test or "tunic" made of the polysacchari ...

.Lambert, G.; Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015)
Stolidobranchia.
In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23 The group includes both colonial and solitary animals. They are distinguished from other tunicates by the presence of folded pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in

ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

, means the "fold" of a cloth. Stolidobranchian sea squirts are also characterized by the complete absence of an abdomen. The abdominal organs of other tunicates are instead located to one side of the pharyngeal basket in this group. Dendrodoa grossularia 001

Taxonomy

* Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers 1877 exacrobylidae Seeliger 1906; Caesiridae**'' Anomopera'' Hartmeyer, 1923 **'' Asajirus'' Kott, 1989 'Hexadactylus'' Monniot & Monniot 1990**'' Bostrichobranchus'' Traustedt, 1883 **'' Eugyra'' Alder & Hancock, 1870 'Eugyrioides'' Seeliger 1907**'' Fungulus'' Herdman, 1882 **'' Gamaster'' Pizon, 1896 **'' Minipera'' Monniot & Monniot, 1974 **'' Molgula'' Forbes, 1848 [''Anurella'' Lacaze-Duthiers 1877; ''Ascopera'' Herdman 1881; ''Astropera'' Pizon 1898; ''Caesira'' Flemming 1822; ''Ctenicella'' Lacaze-Duthiers 1877; ''Cystingia'' MacLeay 1825; ''Eugyriopsis'' Roule 1885; ''Euritteria'' Huntsman 1922; ''Gymnocystis'' Giard 1872; ''Lithonephria'' Giard 1872; ''Lithonephrya'' Giard 1872; ''Meristocarpus'' Pizon 1899; ''Molgulidium'' Seeliger 1907; ''Molgulina'' Hartmeyer 1914; ''Pera'' Stimpson 1852; ''Syphonotethis'' Gervais 1840; ''Xenomolgula'' Ärnbäck 1931] **''Molguloides'' Huntsman, 1922 **''Namiella'' Monniot & Monniot, 1968 **''Oligotrema'' Bourne, 1903 [''Gasterascidia'' Monniot & Monniot 1968; ''Hexacrobylus'' Sluiter 1905; ''Sorbera'' Monniot & Monniot 1974] **'' Paramolgula'' Traustedt, 1835 'Stomatropa''**'' Pareugyrioides'' Hartmeyer, 1914 **'' Protomolgula'' Monniot, 1971 **'' Rhizomolgula'' Ritter, 1901 * Pyuridae Hartmeyer 1908 lidaeuridae**'' Bathypera'' Michaelsen, 1904 'Halomolgula'' Ritter 1907**'' Bathypyura'' Monniot & Monniot, 1973 **'' Boltenia'' Savigny, 1816 **'' Bolteniopsis'' Harant, 1927 'Liouvillea'' Sluiter 1929**'' Claudenus'' Kott, 1998 'Ctenicella'' Kott 1972**'' Cratostigma'' Monniot & Monniot, 1961 **'' Ctenyura'' Van Name, 1918 **'' Culeolus'' Herdman, 1881 **'' Halocynthia'' Verrill, 1879 'Cynthia'' Savigny 1816; ''Holocynthia'' Verrill 1879; ''Tethyum'' Bohadsch 1761**'' Hartmeyeria'' Ritter, 1913 'Ectorchis'' Huntsman 1922**'' Hemistyela'' Millar, 1955 **'' Herdmania'' Lahille, 1888 'Rhabdocynthia'' Herdman 1891**'' Heterostigma'' Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1924 **'' Microcosmus'' Heller, 1877 **'' Paraculeolus'' Vinogradova, 1970 **'' Pyura'' Molina, 1782 [''Cynthiopsis'' Michaelsen 1904; ''Forbesella'' Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892; ''Forbesia'' Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892; ''Hyalocynthia'' Oka 1930; ''Paracynthia'' Ärnbäck 1938; ''Podocynthia'' Oka 1929; ''Pyuropsis'' Michaelsen 1912] *Styelidae Sluiter 1895 [Botryllidae Giard 1875] **''Alloeocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1900 **''Arnbackia'' Brewin, 1950 **''Asterocarpa'' Brewin, 1946 **'' Bathyoncus'' Herdman, 1882 **'' Bathystyeloides'' Seeliger, 1907 **'' Berillia'' Brewin, 1952 **'' Botryllocarpa'' Hartmeyer, 1909 'Protobotryllus'' Pizon 1908**'' Botrylloides'' Milne-Edwards, 1841 'Metrocarpa'' Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1923; ''Sarcobotrylloides'' Drasche 1883**'' Botryllus'' Gaertner, 1774 'Alcyonium'' Pallas 1766; ''Myxobotrus'' Oka 1931; ''Parabotryllus'' Kott 1975; ''Polycyclus'' Lamarck 1815**'' Chorizocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1904 **'' Cnemidocarpa'' Huntsman, 1913 'Azygocarpa'' Oka 1932; ''Ypsilocarpa'' Ärnbäck 1922**'' Dendrodoa'' MacLeay, 1824 'Styelopsis'' Traustedt 1883**'' Dextrocarpa'' Millar, 1955 **'' Diandrocarpa'' Van Name, 1902 **'' Dicarpa'' Millar, 1955 **'' Distomus'' Gaertner, 1774 'Psilostyela'' Sluiter 1927**'' Eusynstyela'' Michaelsen, 1904 'Michaelsenia'' Van Name 1902**'' Gynandrocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1900 **'' Kukenthalia'' Hartmeyer, 1903 **'' Metandrocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1904 'Okamia'' Brewin 1948**'' Monandrocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1904 'Monoandrocarpa'' Kott 1972**'' Oculinaria'' Gray, 1868 **'' Oligocarpa'' Hartmeyer, 1911 **'' Pelonaia'' Forbes & Goodsir, 1841 **'' Podostyela'' Harant & Vernières, 1933 **'' Polyandrocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1904 **'' Polycarpa'' Heller, 1877 'Glandula'' Stimpson 1852; ''Pandocia'' Fleming 1822; ''Paratona'' Huntsman 1913; ''Styeloides''**'' Polyzoa'' Lesson, 1831 'Chorizocormus'' Herdman 1886; ''Dictyostyela'' Oka 1926; ''Goodsiria'' Cunningham 1871; ''Monobotryllus'' (Agassiz 1880)**'' Protostyela'' Millar, 1954 **'' Psammobotrus'' Oka, 1932 **'' Psammostyela'' Weinstein, 1961 **'' Seriocarpa'' Diehl, 1969 **'' Stolonica'' Lacaze-Duthiers & Délage, 1892 'Amphicarpa'' Michaelsen 1922; ''Thylacium ''Alder & Hancock 1907**'' Styela'' Fleming, 1822 [''Botryorchis'' Huntsman 1911; ''Clavellinopsis'' Fewkes 1889; ''Goniocarpa'' Huntsman 1912; ''Katatropa'' Huntsman 1912; ''Minostyela'' Kott 1969; ''Molstyela'' Oka 1934; ''Redikorzevia'' Oka 1929; ''Vannamea'' Oka 1932] **''Symplegma'' Herdman, 1886 **''Syncarpa'' Redikorzev, 1913 **''Theodorella'' Michaelsen, 1922 **''Tibitin'' Monniot, 1983

References

{{Authority control Tunicate orders Taxa named by Fernando Lahille