The Stokhid (also written Stokhod, according to the Russian name; ) is a river in

Volyn Oblast Volyn Oblast () or simply Volyn (), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. It borders Rivne Oblast to the east, Lviv Oblast to the south, Poland to the west and Belarus to the north. Its Capital city ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. It is a right

tributary A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...

of the

Pripyat River The Pripyat or Prypiat is a river in Eastern Europe. The river, which is approximately long, flows east through Ukraine, Belarus, and into Ukraine again, before draining into the Dnieper at Kyiv Reservoir. Name etymology Max Vasmer notes in h ...

. It is long, and has a

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

of .

Description

Stokhid is the longest and cleanest river in Volyn. The valley in the upper reaches is clearly delineated, up to 4-4.5 km wide. Below it is more indistinct, up to 7–10 km wide. The floodplain is two-sided, swampy, from 0,4 km wide in the upper reaches to 2,5 km wide in the lower reaches. The heights are found mainly to the upper reaches, where the width is 20–25 m, and the depth is 0.5-1.5 m. Especially below the village of Zayachivka it is divided into numerous sleeves (hence the name - "stoop") in the width of 5– 15 m (at most - 60 m), depth up to 8–26 m (on plyas). The largest depth is 16.4 m, which is located between Lyubeshiv and the village. Zinov, the depth formed by the sources that feed the river; there are many elders. The largest settlement near the river is the city of Liubeshiv. On a length of 50 km the river is deepened and straightened. Power mixed with the advantage of snow; freezes in December, crashes in March. The mineralization of the water of the river Stokhid is on average: spring flood - 440 mg / dm³; summer-autumn measurements - 465 mg / dm³; winter limits - 559 mg / dm³.Geographical Encyclopedia of Ukraine: 3 t. / Editorial Board: O. M. Marinych (repl. Ed.) And others. - K.: "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia" by them. M.P. Bazhana, 1989.

Location

Stokhid originates near the village Semerinskoe, Volyn Polissya, within the Volyn Highlands. Flows mainly to the northeast. Falls into the

Pripyat Pripyat, also known as Prypiat, is an abandoned industrial city in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine, located near the border with Belarus. Named after the nearby river, Pripyat (river), Pripyat, it was founded on 4 February 1970 as the ninth ''atomgrad'' ...

near the southern outskirts of the village Svalovichy. Tributaries: Stobihivka, Yasinovka, Loknitsa (left); Aspen, Cheryah, Hryvka, Chervysh (right). Above the river is the district center of Liubeshiv and many villages of Lokachinsky, Turiyskoye, Rozhyshchensky, Kovelsky, Manevytsky, Kamen-Kashirsky and Lyubeshivsky districts. The river flows through the National Nature Park "Pripyat-Stokhid".

History

Above the Stokhid was the front line from June 1916 to August 1917 between the Austro-Hungarian-German and Russian troops. In the First World War, after the

Brusilov Brusilov (Russian: Брусилов) or Brusilova (feminine; Брусилова) is a Russian surname originating from the verb meaning ''mumble''. Notable people with the surname include: *Aleksei Brusilov (1853–1926), Russian cavalry general * ...

breakthrough (the main hostilities took place within the Volyn region), along the river Stokhid and

there was a defensive line lasting almost a year between the Russian and Austro-German troops. On the left bank, the latter created trenches and concrete ditches, serviced by a network of narrow-gauge railways for the transport of ammunition. On the right bank were Russian troops, whose defensive works were wooden and of which nothing has therefore survived. In the years of the First World War, there were several changes to the front line on the

Volhynia Volhynia or Volynia ( ; see #Names and etymology, below) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in ...

between the Russians and the Austro-German troops. In June 1916, Russian troops under the command of General Brusilov broke through the front, took

Lutsk Lutsk (, ; see #Names and etymology, below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a populati ...

and pushed the Austro-German troops to the Stokhid River line. For more than a year, the front adhered to this line, resulting in the destruction of many nearby settlements. During the Brusilov breakthrough, about 1 million Austro-Germans and 500,000 Russian troops died. All the surrounding villages around Stokhid were completely destroyed. Russian troops tried to break through Stokhid again, but in vain. The swampy valleys and banks of the Stokhid River became the grave of thousands of soldiers and officers of the Russian Imperial Guard and the Austro-Hungarian and German forces. This operation is called the "Stokhid meat grinder" by historians. Oral evidence from local inhabitants indicates that in the late 1920s, men came from Germany to rebury their compatriots in a cemetery in the village of Polyana, two kilometers from the Loviš.

Bibliography

*Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies: Dictionary part: n 11 volumes/ Scientific society named after Shevchenko; Goal. Ed. Prof. Dr. Volodymyr Kubiyovych. - Paris; New York: Young Life; Lviv; Kyiv: Globus, 1955–2003. *Peter Kravchuk "The book of records of Volyn", Lyubeshiv. 2005 . *Peter Kravchuk Conflict around the dam

References

{{Wetlands of Ukraine Rivers of Volyn Oblast