''Stilifer'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of small
ectoparasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The en ...
sea snails
Sea snails are slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visibl ...
that used to belong in the family
Stiliferidae. Most recent sources consider it part of the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Eulimidae
Eulimidae is a family of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Vanikoroidea.
Description
These small parasitic snails live on (or in some cases in) the bodies of echinoderms such as sea cucumbers, se ...
, which also belongs to the
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
Eulimoidea.
Description
"The imperforate, hyaline, thin shell has ab ovoid or elongated shape. It is smooth and polished. It contains numerous
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
. The apex is very sharp, sometimes bent. The nucleus is sinistral. The
body whorl
The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...
is globular. The
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is suboval. The inner
lip
The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...
is smooth and arcuated. The outer lip is slightly sinuous, thin, and simple. There is no
operculum.
The body of the animal is ciliated. The tentacles are slender, subulate, with eyes sessile at their outer bases. The mantle is reflected upon and more or less surrounding the shell, forming a siphonal lobe on the right side. The foot is linguiform, narrow and tubular in front, where it extends much beyond the head, attenuated behind, with a median groove below. The verge is sharp, elongated, resembling a tentacle.
This genus is commensal or parasitic in its habits, occurring on
Echinoderm
An echinoderm () is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". While bilaterally symmetrical as ...
s.
G.W. Tryon (1886) Manual of Conchology v; VIII
/ref>
Species
The World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...
(WoRMS) includes the following species with accepted names in the genus ''Stilifer'':Stilifer guentheri
''Stilifer guentheri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus '' Stilifer''.(Angas, 1877). Warén A. (2011). Checklist of Eulimidae. pers. com. Accessed thr ...
'', Angas, 1877
* '' Stilifer inflatus'', Warén, 1980
* '' Stilifer kawamurai'', Habe, 1976
* '' Stilifer linckiae'', P. Sarasin & F. Sarasin, 1887
* ''Stilifer ovoideus
''Stilifer ovoideus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus '' Stilifer''.H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853. Warén A. (2011). Checklist of Eulimidae. pers. com. A ...
'', H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* '' Stilifer pisum'', Habe, 1953
* '' Stilifer quadrasi'', O. Boettger, 1893
* '' Stilifer utinomi'', Habe, 1951
* '' Stilifer variabilis'', O. Boettger, 1893
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Stilifer abyssorum'' Locard, 1897: synonym of '' Pisolamia brychia'' (Watson, 1883)
* ''Stilifer acicula'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Melanella acicula'' (Gould, 1849)
* ''Stilifer attenuata'' Sowerby, 1878: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer auricula'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of '' Microstilifer auricula'' (Hedley, 1907)
* ''Stilifer brychius'' Watson, 1883: synonym of '' Pisolamia brychia'' (Watson, 1883)
* ''Stilifer bulbiformis'' Sowerby, 1878: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer crotaphis'' Watson, 1886: synonym of '' Scalenostoma lodderae'' (Petterd, 1884)
* ''Stilifer curtus'' (A. E. Verrill, 1882): synonym of '' Pelseneeria stimpsonii'' (A. E. Verrill, 1872)
* ''Stilifer deformis'' Pease, 1867: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer exarata'' A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer fastigiata'' Sowerby, 1878: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer kochianus'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1901: synonym of ''Stilifer variabilis'' O. Boettger, 1893
* ''Stilifer lodderae'' Petterd, 1884: synonym of '' Scalenostoma lodderae'' (Petterd, 1884)
* ''Stilifer minima'' Dall, 1927: synonym of '' Ophieulima minima'' (Dall, 1927)
* ''Stilifer minimus'' Dall, 1927: synonym of '' Ophieulima minima'' (Dall, 1927)
* ''Stilifer minuta'' Dall, 1927: synonym of '' Pelseneeria minuta'' (Dall, 1927)
* ''Stilifer mittrei'' Petit de la Saussaye, 1851: synonym of ''Echineulima mittrei
''Echineulima mittrei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.Petit de la Saussaye. Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of mar ...
'' (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851)
* ''Stilifer neozelanica'' Dell, 1956: synonym of '' Iphitus neozelanicus'' (Dell, 1956)
* ''Stilifer ophidiastericola'' Habe, 1951: synonym of ''Stilifer utinomi'' Habe, 1951
* ''Stilifer orbiculatus'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of '' Fossarella orbiculatus'' (Hedley, 1907)
* ''Stilifer palucciae'' P. Fischer, 1864: synonym of '' Echineulima palucciae'' Small text(P. Fischer, 1864)
* ''Stilifer parva'' Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''Stilapex parva'' (Schepman, 1909)
* ''Stilifer perdepressus'' Dall, 1925: synonym of '' Pelseneeria perdepressa'' (Dall, 1925)
* ''Stilifer petterdi'' Tate & May, 1901: synonym of '' Scalenostoma lodderae'' (Petterd, 1884)
* ''Stilifer polaris'' Hedley, 1916: synonym of ''Stilapex polaris'' (Hedley, 1916)
* ''Stilifer pyramidalis'' Reeve, 1859: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer robusta'' Petterd, 1884: synonym of '' Scalenostoma lodderae'' (Petterd, 1884)
* ''Stilifer sibogae'' Schepman & Nierstrasz, 1909: synonym of '' Pelseneeria sibogae'' (Schepman & Nierstrasz, 1909)
* ''Stilifer solida'' Sowerby, 1878: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer speciosus'' H. Adams, 1869: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer sphaeroconcha'' Habe, 1974: synonym of '' Tropiometricola sphaeroconcha'' (Habe, 1974)
* ''Stilifer subangulatus'' A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer subulatus'' Broderip, 1832: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer thielei'' Sturany, 1903: synonym of ''Stilapex thielei'' (Sturany, 1903)
* ''Stilifer thomasiae'' Sowerby, 1878: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer variciferus'' Hedley, 1899: synonym of '' Scalenostoma subulatum'' (Broderip, 1832)
* ''Stilifer verrilli'' Dall, 1927: synonym of '' Pelseneeria stimpsonii'' (A. E. Verrill, 1872)
References
* Broderip, 1832 (in Broderip & Sowerby) Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 2: 60.
{{Authority control
Eulimidae