Stig Andersen Hvide

Stig Andersen Hvide (died December 1293) was a Danish nobleman and magnate, known as the leading man among the outlaws after the murder of King Eric V of Denmark. In Danish tradition, he is known as ''Marsk Stig''.

Biography

In spite of his surname, he does not seem to have been a member of the Hvide clan but rather seems to have married into it. Of his personal life not much is known but from the 1270s he seems to have been Denmark’s leading general and minister of war ('' marsk''). During the next years he was apparently a leading man of the opposition against the growing power of King Eric V. He was probably one of the group supporting the introduction of the ''haandfæstning'' of 1282, reflecting the growing strength of the Danish nobility.

After the regicide of King Eric V in November 1286, Marsk Stig was forced to leave office. He and many other magnates and vassals were outlawed as the men behind the king’s death in spite of their protests. Stig Andersen then settled at the island of Hjelm in Kattegat which he made a pirate’s nest and from which he ravaged the Danish coasts. He also formed a working alliance with the king of Norway. He died on his island without having obtained rehabilitation from the Danish government.

Legacy

To posterity Stig Andersen assumed still mightier dimensions. He was often regarded the man behind the regicide and already in his own time ballads and sages were flourishing, a tradition continued by romantic poets and writers. According to a very popular version he became a regicide in order to revenge his dishonour because the king had seduced his wife some years before. Later historians in general have regarded him as the victim of a political miscarriage of justice. Some of them look upon him as a kind of a political idealist perhaps even trying to create parliamentarian conditions in Denmark – a theory just as impossible to prove.

Recent excavation on the island of Samsø by archaeologists of the National Museum of Denmark revealed acts of piracy attributed to Marsk Stig. New archaeological findings on Hjelm also show that he had a regular coiner workshop. The pirates were accused of putting counterfeit coins into circulation to cripple the Danish economy.''Thirteenth-century island massacre uncovered'' (The Copenhagen Post)
/ref>

Literature and popular culture

Danish fictive treatments of Marsk Stig include:

* Ebbe Kløvedal Reich: ''Festen for Cæcilie'' (1979)
* Karen Blixen: ''Fra det gamle Danmark (Vintereventyr)'' (1942)
* B. S. Ingemann: ''Erik Menveds Barndom'' (English: The Childhood of Erik VI Menved) (1828)

The operas ''Marsk Stig (Stig Hvide)'' by Norwegian composer Ole Olsen (1872-76) and '' Drot og marsk'' (King and Marshal) by Danish composer Peter Heise (1878), as well as the play ''Marsk Stig'' by Carsten Hauch (1850), also revolve around the subject.

Marsk Stig is mentioned as part of the historic background of Viborg in M.R.James' ghost story "number 13".

References

Other sources

*''Dansk Biografisk Leksikon'', vol. 6, (Copenhagen, 1980)
*Brask, Aage ''Tordrup og Marsk Stigs slægt fra stormandsorg til husmandsbrug'' (Borgens forlag Copenhagen: 1953)
*Grundtvig, Svend ''Marsk Stig: Dansk Folkevise Fra 13de Aarhundrede'' (1861)

External links

Marsk Stig, A Ballad

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hvide, Stig Andersen
1293 deaths
13th-century crime
13th-century Danish nobility
Danish regicides
Danish rebels
Year of birth unknown
13th-century criminals
Eric V of Denmark