Stichopus

''Stichopus'' is a genus of sea cucumbers from the family Stichopodidae.

Description and characteristics

Sources disagree about how many species should be classified in the genus. By 1922 there were about 20 described.James, D. B. (1998)
On a little known holothurian ''Stichopus vastus'' Sluiter with notes on other species of ''Stichopus'' from the seas around India.
Marine Fisheries Information Service. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Cochin, India. Current species counts range from about 8 to 14.Hansson, H. (2013)
''Stichopus'' Brandt, 1835.
World Register of Marine Species. Accessed on 8 June 2013. A number of animals have been moved to other genera, such as '' Apostichopus'' and ''Isostichopus''.

These sea cucumbers are relatively large. One of the largest is ''S. vastus'', which can reach 40 to 50 centimeters in length. They have soft, quadrangular bodies covered on all four sides with thick tubercles. Some of them can be quite variable, especially in their coloration. ''S. rubermaculosus'', for example, can be light yellow to dark green with patches of various colors. Species also often differ in color from each other. One of the most distinctive is ''S. chloronotus'', which is black, tinged with green or blue. Some of its body tubercles are tipped with orange. ''S. vastus'' looks "like a giant caterpillar" with yellow and green zebra stripes.

Many sea cucumbers are valued as food and as a source of medicine, and ''Stichopus'' is a commonly exploited genus. ''S. monotuberculatus'' is used for both food and medicine. ''Stichopus'' species are important in traditional medicine practices in Malaysia.Ismail, H., et al. (2004)
The structure of calcareous rings in ''Stichopus hermanni'' Semper and ''Holothuria atra'' Jaeger.
''Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia'' 2(2) 47-52. There they are known as ''gamat'', and they are used to make "gamat water" and "gamat oil", which are tonics for treating wounds, gastric ulcers, and pain. One species fished as ''gamat'' is ''S. horrens''.Poh-Sze, C
Fisheries, trade and utilization of sea cucumbers in Malaysia.
In: Lovatelli, A., et al. ''Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management.'' FAO. Rome. 2004. This species is also harvested for food in Samoa. The parts considered edible are the viscera, especially the intestine. A fisher will take the cucumber from the water and place it in a bucket for a few hours to let it pass any sand from its gut. The fisher will then cut out its intestine and sometimes its respiratory system and gonads, as well, and release the still-living animal. The viscera are eaten raw and fresh, or bottled and sold in the community. Apparently, most cucumbers survive this treatment, at least in the short term.Eriksson, H., et al. (2007)
A pilot study to investigate the survival of ''Stichopus horrens'' after viscera harvest in Samoa.
''SPC Beche de Mer Information Bulletin'' #26.

There was a small fishery for ''S. herrmanni'', but it crashed due to overfishing.

List of species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Stichopus'':
* ''Stichopus chloronotus'' Brandt, 1835 - greenfish
* '' Stichopus fusiformiossa'' Woo in Woo et al., 2015
* ''Stichopus herrmanni'' Semper, 1868 - curryfish
* ''Stichopus horrens'' Selenka, 1867 - warty sea cucumber, peanutfish, flemfish, Selenka's sea cucumber
* '' Stichopus monotuberculatus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
* '' Stichopus naso'' Semper, 1868
* '' Stichopus noctivagus'' Cherbonnier, 1980 - night-wandering sea cucumber
* ''Stichopus ocellatus'' Massin, Zulfigar, Hwai, Boss, 2002'Massin, C., et al. (2002)
The genus ''Stichopus'' (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species.
''Biologie'' 72 73-99. - ocellated sea cucumber
* '' Stichopus pseudohorrens'' Cherbonnier, 1967
* '' Stichopus quadrifasciatus'' Massin, 1999
* '' Stichopus rubermaculosus'' Massin, Zulfigar, Hwai, Boss, 2002
* ''Stichopus vastus'' Sluiter, 1887

Image:Stichopus chloronotus Réunion.jpg, ''Stichopus chloronotus''
Image:Stichopus herrmanni.jpg, ''Stichopus herrmanni''
Image:Stichopus horrens.jpg, ''Stichopus horrens''
Image:Stichopus monotuberculatus Réunion.jpg, '' Stichopus monotuberculatus''
Image:Stichopus noctivagus.jpg, '' Stichopus noctivagus''
Image:Stichopus ocellatus.jpg, ''Stichopus ocellatus''
Image:Stichopus vastus.jpg, ''Stichopus vastus''

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3461662

Stichopodidae