Stewart Francis Alexander

Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart Francis Alexander (August 30, 1914 – December 6, 1991) was an American medical doctor from New Jersey and an expert on chemical warfare who was dispatched to attend the patients following the Air raid on Bari.

Born and raised in Park Ridge, New Jersey, where his father was a family physician, Alexander attended Staunton Military Academy before enrolling at Dartmouth College and earning his medical degree from the Columbia University Medical School."Stewart F. Alexander Medical Specialist, 77"
''The New York Times'', December 11, 1991. Accessed August 18, 2020. "Dr. Stewart F. Alexander, a retired New Jersey internist and cardiologist, died on Friday at the vacation house of a daughter on the Caribbean Island of Mustique. He was 77 years old and lived in Park Ridge, N.J. He died of skin cancer, said his sister-in-law, Marian Vafiades. Dr. Alexander was born in Park Ridge, went to Dartmouth College and earned his M.D. at Columbia University in 1937." Conant, Jennet
"The Bombing And The Breakthrough; How a chemical weapons disaster in World War II led to a U.S. cover-up—and a new cancer treatment"
''Smithsonian (magazine)'', September 2020. Accessed August 18, 2020. "After excelling at the Staunton Military Academy, in Virginia, he entered Dartmouth College at age 15. A standout in his science courses, he was allowed to advance directly to medical school in his senior year, graduating at the top of his class in 1935. After completing Dartmouth’s two-year program, he earned his medical degree from Columbia University, and did his residency training in New York."

Trained in the diagnosis of chemical warfare, Alexander was dispatched to attend to victims of the Air raid on Bari in December 1943, in which a total of 27 Allied ships were hit and destroyed in a surprise Nazi air raid. He detected symptoms among the victims that indicated that they had been affected by mustard gas, though the symptoms he spotted were different from the inhalation injuries typically suffered during World War I from the chemical agent. Despite repeated denials that mustard gas had been present on any Allied ships in the harbor, Alexander was able to determine that a ship loaded with mustard gas shells had blown up and that the mustard gas had mixed with the oil floating in the harbor, which acted as a solvent and allowed the chemical warfare agent to be absorbed into the skin of military personnel who had been floating in the water. Though Alexander's detailed report documenting the presence of mustard gas was censored and suppressed for fears that the Nazis would be emboldened to use the chemical warfare agent, his medical reporting showed that the mustard gas had severely impacted the formation of white blood cells in his patients, a finding that led to the development of chemotherapeutic treatments for leukemia that were based on the chemistry of mustard gas.

Alexander had been medical director of Bergen Pines County Hospital (since renamed as New Bridge Medical Center) until 1975 and had served as president of the Bergen County Medical Society and of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine.Topousis, Tom
"Dr. Stewart F. Alexander, Bergen Pines ex-director"
''The Record'', December 9, 1991. Accessed August 18, 200, via Newspapers.com. After a career as an internist and cardiologist, Alexander died of skin cancer while visiting the vacation home of his daughter, Diane Alexander Sugden, in Mustique.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander, Stewart
1914 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American physicians

American internists
United States Army personnel of World War II
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
Dartmouth College alumni
Deaths from skin cancer
People from Park Ridge, New Jersey
Physicians from New Jersey
Staunton Military Academy alumni
United States Army Medical Corps officers
Military personnel from Bergen County, New Jersey