Steven R. Rosefielde (born 1942) is professor of comparative economic systems at the

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC, UNC–Chapel Hill, or simply Carolina) is a public university, public research university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. Chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolli ...

. He is also a member of the

Russian Academy of Natural Sciences The Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (Russian language, Russian: Российская академия естественных наук) is a Russian non-governmental organization founded on August 31 1990 in Moscow in the former Soviet Uni ...

''Red Holocaust''

In ''Red Holocaust'', Rosefielde's main point is that communism in general, although he focuses mostly on

Stalinism Stalinism (, ) is the Totalitarianism, totalitarian means of governing and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), 1927 to 1953 by dictator Jose ...

, is less genocidal, and that is a key distinction from

Nazism Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power, it was fre ...

. According to German historian , the term is not popular among scholars in Germany or internationally. Alexandra Laignel-Lavastine writes that usage of this term "allows the reality it describes to immediately attain, in the Western mind, a status equal to that of the extermination of the Jews by the

Nazi regime Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictat ...

." Michael Shafir writes that the use of the term supports the "competitive martyrdom component of Double Genocide", a theory whose worst version is

Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...

obfuscation. George Voicu states that Leon Volovici has "rightfully condemned the abusive use of this concept as an attempt to 'usurp' and undermine a symbol specific to the history of European Jews."

Work, reviews and citations

In a 2001 study, Rosefielde calculated that there were 3.4 million premature deaths in Russia from 1990 to 1998, partly blaming on the shock therapy that came with the

Washington Consensus The Washington Consensus is a set of ten economic policy prescriptions considered in the 1980s and 1990s to constitute the "standard" reform package promoted for Economic crisis, crisis-wracked developing country, developing countries by the Was ...

. Rosefielde's work has been reviewed in peer-reviewed journals. ''Russia since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization'' was reviewed by David G. Rowley in ''History: Reviews of New Books''. ''Red Holocaust'' was reviewed by Martin Kragh in ''Scandinavian Economic History Review''. As of 2020, "Measuring Enterprise Efficiency in the Soviet Union: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis" has been cited 82 times.

Selected works

* * ''Russia since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization'', with Stefan Hedlund,

Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessme ...

, 2009 * ''Red Holocaust'',

Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...

, 2009 * ''Economic Welfare and the Economics of Soviet Socialism: Essays in Honor of Abram Bergson'',

, 2008 * ''The Russian Economy: From Lenin to Putin'',

Wiley-Blackwell Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publish ...

, 2007 * ''Masters of Illusion: American Leadership In The Media Age'',

, 2006 * ''Comparative Economic Systems: Culture, Wealth, and Power in the 21st Century'',

, 2002, 2005, 2008 * ''Russia in the 21st Century: The Prodigal Superpower'',

, 2004 * ''Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective'',

Europe-Asia Studies ''Europe-Asia Studies'' is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal ''Soviet S ...

(2001). 53 (8): 1159–1176. . * ''Efficiency and Russia's Economic Recovery Potential to the Year 2000 and Beyond'', ed.,

Ashgate Publishing Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom). It was established in 1967 and specialised in the social sciences, arts, humanities and professional practice. It had an American office in ...

, 1998 *
Documented Homicides and Excess Deaths: New Insights into the Scale of Killing in the USSR during the 1930s
.'' (PDF file) ''Communist and Post-Communist Studies'', Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 321–333.

University of California The University of California (UC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university, research university system in the U.S. state of California. Headquartered in Oakland, California, Oakland, the system is co ...

, 1997. * ''False Science: Underestimating the Soviet Arms Buildup. An Appraisal of the CIA's Direct Costing Effort, 1960–1985'', 1988 * ''World Communism at the Crossroads: Military Ascendancy, Political Economy, and Human Welfare'', 1980 * ''Soviet International Trade in Heckscher-Ohlin Perspective: An Input-Output Study'', 1973

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rosefielde, Steven 1942 births 21st-century American economists Living people Harvard University alumni Place of birth missing (living people) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty