''Stereum'' is the
type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...
of the
Stereaceae
The Stereaceae are a family of corticioid fungi in the Russulales order. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, are lignicolous or terrestrial (in leaf litter), and typically saprobic. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' ...
family of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
, in the
Russulales
The Russulales are an order of the Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric genera '' Russula'' and ''Lactarius'' and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives). According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the order con ...
order.
Common name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...
s for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a stereoid shape. ''Stereum'' contains 27 species that have a widespread distribution.
Description
''Stereum'' species are wood decay fungi. Their simple, shelving fruiting bodies have a smooth
hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in oth ...
, lacking gills or tubes. Like most members or the family Stereaceae, ''Stereum'' fruiting bodies lack
clamp connection
A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of basidiomycete fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rece ...
s and produce
amyloid
Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. In the human ...
basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromos ...
s.
Taxonomy
It is the
type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...
of the
Stereaceae
The Stereaceae are a family of corticioid fungi in the Russulales order. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, are lignicolous or terrestrial (in leaf litter), and typically saprobic. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' ...
family. Until recently, the genus was classified in the
Corticiaceae
The Corticiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family formerly included almost all the corticioid (patch- or crust-forming) fungi, whether they were related or not, and as such was highly artificial. In its current sense, ...
family, of the
Corticiales order. However, it was given its own family as a result of the split-up of the Corticiales.
The species can be divided into two groups: the bleeders (those that exude a red liquid from cut surfaces, similarly to ''
Lactarius
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several Edible mushroom, edible species. The species of the genus, common name, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they ex ...
'' species) and the non-bleeders (those that do not). In 1959,
Zdenek Pouzar created a distinct genus, ''
Haematostereum'', for the bleeding species of ''Stereum'', including ''
H. gausapatum'', ''
H. rugosum'', and ''
H. sanguinolentum''.
Modern authors do not consider ''Haematostereum'' to be a distinct genus, so it is currently treated as a
synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...
of ''Stereum''.
Species
There are numerous species in this genus, the most common one being ''
Stereum hirsutum
''Stereum hirsutum'', commonly known as the false turkey tail, hairy stereum, or hairy curtain crust, is a species of fungus and a plant pathogen that infects coniferous and deciduous trees.
Description
The fuzzy orangish fruiting bodies typical ...
''. The following species are recognised in the genus ''Stereum'':
*''
Stereum acanthophysatum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Rehill & B.K. Bakshi (1966)
*''
Stereum adnatum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Lloyd (1925)
*''
Stereum albostipitatum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Lloyd (1913)
*''
Stereum alternum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Lloyd (1924)
*''
Stereum aotearoa
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
G. Cunn. (1956)
*''
Stereum aratum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Pat. (1907)
*''
Stereum armeniacum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Boidin & Gilles (1989)
*''
Stereum auriscalpium
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a s ...
''
Lloyd (1920)
*''
Stereum aurora''
Killerm. (1943)
*''
Stereum avellanaceum''
Lloyd (1936)
*''
Stereum azonum''
Velen. (1922)
*''
Stereum beigehymenium''
Teixeira (1945)
*''
Stereum bellum''
(Kunze) Sacc. (1888)
*''
Stereum bertolonii''
Sacc. (1895)
*''
Stereum bombycinum''
Lloyd (1925)
*''
Stereum boninense''
Yasuda (1919)
*''
Stereum braunii''
(Henn.) Beeli (1926)
*''
Stereum campaniforme''
Pat. (1908)
*''
Stereum carthusianum''
E.H.L. Krause (1928)
*''
Stereum cinericium''
Lloyd (1922)
*''
Stereum coalescens''
Lloyd (1925)
*''
Stereum complicatum''
(Fr.) Fr. (1838)
*''
Stereum conchoides''
Lloyd (1925)
*''
Stereum conicum''
Burt (1920)
*''
Stereum consobrinum''
(P. Karst.) Sacc. & Trotter (1912)
*''
Stereum contrastum''
Lloyd (1924)
*''
Stereum corruge''
Lloyd (1919)
*''
Stereum crispulum''
Lloyd (1936)
*''
Stereum cupulatum''
Pat. (1903)
*''
Stereum dimiticum''
Rehill & B.K. Bakshi (1966)
*''
Stereum durbanense''
Van der Byl (1922)
*''
Stereum durum''
Lloyd (1919)
*''
Stereum earlei''
Burt (1920)
*''
Stereum ellipticum''
Ryvarden (2020)
*''
Stereum elongatum''
Lloyd (1923)
*''
Stereum fechtneri''
Velen. (1922)
*''
Stereum fomitopsis''
Lloyd (1924)
*''
Stereum fragile''
Pat. (1900)
*''
Stereum gausapatum''
(Fr.) Fr. (1874)
*''
Stereum greslebiniae''
Gorjón & Hallenb. (2012)
*''
Stereum hirsutum
''Stereum hirsutum'', commonly known as the false turkey tail, hairy stereum, or hairy curtain crust, is a species of fungus and a plant pathogen that infects coniferous and deciduous trees.
Description
The fuzzy orangish fruiting bodies typical ...
''
(Willd.) Pers. (1800)
*''
Stereum humillimum''
Rick (1959)
*''
Stereum hymenoglium''
Speg. (1921)
*''
Stereum japonicum''
Yasuda (1923)
*''
Stereum javanicum''
Lloyd (1924)
*''
Stereum junghuhnii''
Fr. (1851)
*''
Stereum kurilense''
Yasuda (1924)
*''
Stereum lacunosum''
Velen. (1922)
*''
Stereum latissimum''
Berk. (1855)
*''
Stereum leoninum''
Skovst. (1956)
*''
Stereum lithocarpi''
Y.C. Dai (2011)
*''
Stereum lobatum''
(Kunze ex Fr.) Fr. (1838)
*''
Stereum luzoniense''
Ricker (1906)
*''
Stereum macrocystidiatum''
A.L. Welden (1967)
*''
Stereum magellanicum''
Ryvarden & Hjortstam (1987)
*''
Stereum melanopsis''
Sacc. & P. Syd. (1902)
*''
Stereum metallicum''
Rick (1940)
*''
Stereum mirabile''
Velen. (1922)
*''
Stereum molle''
Berk. (1873)
*''
Stereum necator''
Viala (1926)
*''
Stereum nigrorugosum''
Lloyd (1923)
*''
Stereum novomolle''
Lloyd (1922)
*''
Stereum nummularium''
Velen. (1922)
*''
Stereum nunezii''
Lloyd (1924)
*''
Stereum obliquum''
Mont. & Berk. (1844)
*''
Stereum obliteratum''
Rick (1940)
*''
Stereum obscurans''
Burt (1924)
*''
Stereum obscurum''
Lloyd (1915)
*''
Stereum occidentale''
Lloyd (1919)
*''
Stereum ochraceoflavum''
(Schwein.) Sacc. (1888)
*''
Stereum orthosporum''
E.H.L. Krause (1929)
*''
Stereum ostrea''
(Blume & T. Nees) Fr. (1838) - False turkey tail
*''
Stereum papillatosporum''
Rehill & B.K. Bakshi (1966)
*''
Stereum papyraceum''
Massee (1906)
*''
Stereum pekinense''
Imazeki (1943)
*''
Stereum pendulum''
R. Sasaki (1954)
*''
Stereum phalenarum''
Kalchbr. ex Bres. (1920)
*''
Stereum phoca''
Lloyd (1918)
*''
Stereum pileolatum''
E.H.L. Krause (1928)
*''
Stereum pseudannosum''
Lloyd (1920)
*''
Stereum pseudorimosum''
Boidin & Gilles (1989)
*''
Stereum reflexulum''
Lloyd (1936)
*''
Stereum rimosum''
Berk. (1851)
*''
Stereum roseohirsutum''
Lloyd (1924)
*''
Stereum roseum''
Yasuda (1922)
*''
Stereum rufofulvum''
(Mont.) Pat. & Lagerh. (1895)
*''
Stereum rugosum''
Pers. (1794)
*''
Stereum sanguinolentum''
(Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. (1838)
*''
Stereum scalare''
P. Karst. (1904)
*''
Stereum scutellatum''
G. Cunn. (1956)
*''
Stereum spumeum''
Burt (1920)
*''
Stereum striatum''
(Fr.) Fr. (1838)
*''
Stereum subtomentosum''
Pouzar (1964)
*''
Stereum sulphureum''
Rick (1938)
*''
Stereum tenerum''
Petch (1925)
*''
Stereum thindii''
A.B. De (1998)
*''
Stereum tjibodense''
Henn. (1899)
*''
Stereum tomentosum''
Van der Byl (1922)
*''
Stereum transvaalium''
Van der Byl (1929)
*''
Stereum traplianum''
Velen. (1922)
*''
Stereum turgidum''
Lloyd (1916)
*''
Stereum underwoodii''
Burt (1926)
*''
Stereum unguliforme''
Lloyd (1913)
*''
Stereum unicum''
Lloyd (1913)
*''
Stereum valdezii''
Lloyd (1923)
*''
Stereum variicolor''
Lloyd (1914)
*''
Stereum vellereum''
Berk. (1855)
*''
Stereum venosulum''
Henn. (1908)
*''
Stereum xylostroma''
Lloyd (1922)
Habitat
''Stereum'' species are found to live on all kinds of deadwood or hardwood or dead leaves (they are therefore said to be
saprobic
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi ...
). Sometimes they are also found on living leaves.
References
{{Authority control
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Russulales genera
Stereaceae