Scarlet Shower (Sterculia coccinea) (8679258490)

''Sterculia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the mallow family,

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...

: subfamily

Sterculioideae Sterculioideae is a subfamily of the family Malvaceae containing evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs. A 2006 molecular study indicated the Sterculioideae was most likely to be a monophyletic group, and that it had four major clades within ...

(previously placed in the now obsolete

Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus '' Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioide ...

). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' may be

monoecious Monoecy (; adj. monoecious ) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system alongside gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy. Monoecy i ...

dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproducti ...

, and its flowers unisexual or bisexual.

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

A 27-million-year-old †''Sterculia labrusca'' leaf

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

is described from the Evros region in

Western Thrace Western Thrace or West Thrace ( el, �υτικήΘράκη, '' ytikíThráki'' ; tr, Batı Trakya; bg, Западна/Беломорска Тракия, ''Zapadna/Belomorska Trakiya''), also known as Greek Thrace, is a geographic and historic ...

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wit ...

Species

The Plant List The Plant List was a list of botanical names of species of plants created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden and launched in 2010. It was intended to be a comprehensive record of all known names of plant species ...

counts 91 currently accepted species. The accepted species are listed here, except as noted. *''

Sterculia abbreviata ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' may ...

'' E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón *'' Sterculia aerisperma'' Cuatrec. *''

Sterculia africana ''Sterculia africana'' or African star-chestnut is a deciduous tree, belonging to the genus '' Sterculia'' and the family Malvaceae (previously the Sterculiaceae, now relegated to a subfamily). The species is sometimes called the "mopopaja tre ...

'' ( Lour.) Fiori – Mopopaja tree *''

Sterculia albidiflora ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Ducke *''

Sterculia alexandri ''Sterculia alexandri'' is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is endemic to South Africa, occurring in the Eastern Cape, and only found in a few localities: the Winterhoek Mountains near Uitenhage, Van Staaden's Mountains near Port ...

Harv. William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae. Biography Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, in 1811, the youngest of 11 children. His fathe ...

– Cape sterculia *''

Sterculia amazonica ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón *''

Sterculia antioquia ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' E.L.Taylor *''

Sterculia apeibophylla ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Ducke *''

'' ( Jacq.) H.Karst. *''

Sterculia apetala ''Sterculia apetala'', commonly known as the Panama tree, camoruco, manduvi tree or anacagüita, is a species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It is found in Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean islands. ''Sterculia ap ...

'' ( Jacq.) H.Karst. – Panama tree; manduvi tree *''

Sterculia appendiculata ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' may ...

K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deutsc ...

*''

Sterculia balanghas ''Sterculia balanghas'' is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, tran ...

'' L. or Aiton (status unresolved) *''

Sterculia brevissima ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' H.H. Hsue *'' Sterculia caribaea'' R. Br. *''

Sterculia ceramica ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' R. Br. *''

Sterculia chapelieri ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

Baill. Henri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on 30 November 1827 and died in Paris on 19 July 1895. Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on b ...

*'' Sterculia chicomendesii'' E.L. Taylor *'' Sterculia cinerea'' Schweinf. or A.Rich. (status unresolved) *'' Sterculia cinnamomifolia'' Tsai & Mao *''

Sterculia cochinchinensis ''Sterculia cochinchinensis'' is a tree species belonging to the genus '' Sterculia'' in the family Malvaceae. The name is unresolved according to The Plant List The Plant List was a list of botanical names of species of plants created by t ...

'' Pierre ''Trôm nam'' in Vietnam (status unresolved) *''

Sterculia colombiana ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' Sprague *'' Sterculia colorata'' – Scarlet sterculia (synonym of ''

Firmiana colorata ''Sterculia colorata'', the scarlet sterculia (also known as bonfire tree, colored sterculia and Indian almond, in Assamese ওদাল (odal) and in Marathi known as "कौशी" aushi, is a medium-sized tree with spreading branches. It shed ...

'') *''

Sterculia comorensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Sprague *''

Sterculia corrugata ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Little *''

Sterculia costaricana ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Pittier *''

Sterculia curiosa ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' (Vell.) Taroda *''

Sterculia dawei ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Sprague *''

Sterculia duckei ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' E.L. Taylor ex J.A.C. Silva & M.F. Silva *'' Sterculia euosma'' W.W. Sm. *''

Sterculia excelsa ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Mart. *''

Sterculia foetida ''Sterculia foetida'' is a soft wooded tree that can grow up to tall.Sterculia Foe ...

'' L. – bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree *'' Sterculia frondosa''

Rich. Louis Claude Marie Richard (19 September 1754 – 6 June 1821) was a French botanist and botanical illustrator. Richard was born at Versailles. Between 1781 and 1789 he collected botanical specimens in Central America and the West Indies. On hi ...

*'' Sterculia gengmaensis'' H.H. Hsue *''

Sterculia gilva ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Miq. *'' Sterculia guangxiensis'' S.J. Xu & P.T. Li *''

Sterculia guapayensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Cuatrec. *''

Sterculia guianensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Sandwith *''

Sterculia guttata ''Sterculia guttata'', the spotted sterculia, is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. Extracts from its seeds have been tested for use as an insecticide against mosquito larvae. References guttata Flora of India (region) Flora of ...

'' Roxb. ex G.Don (status unresolved) *'' Sterculia hainanensis'' Merr. and Chun *''

Sterculia henryi ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Hemsl. *''

Sterculia hymenocalyx ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' K. Schum. *''

Sterculia hypochroa ''Sterculia hypochroa'' is a tree species described by Pierre, belonging to the genus ''Sterculia'' and the family Malvaceae (previously the Sterculiaceae, now relegated to a subfamily). No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life. These ...

'' Pierre – ''Trôm quạt'' in Vietnam (status unresolved) *'' Sterculia impressinervis'' H.H. Hsue *'' Sterculia kayae'' P.E. Berry *''

Sterculia khasiana ''Sterculia khasiana'' was a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It was an endemic tree of the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya in India. It became extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon ...

'' Debb. *'' Sterculia killipiana'' Standl. ex E.L.Taylor *''

Sterculia kingtungensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' H.H. Hsue *''

Sterculia lanceifolia ''Sterculia lanceifolia'' is a bush/tree species belonging to the genus '' Sterculia'' in the family Malvaceae. This species is found in Bangladesh, NE India, China and Indo-China and there are no subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life. R ...

'' Roxb. *''

Sterculia lanceolata ''Sterculia lanceolata'' is a tree species, belonging to the genus '' Sterculia'' and the family Malvaceae (previously the Sterculiaceae, now relegated to a subfamily). The species can be found in southern China (including Hainan island) and V ...

'' Cav. (synonym for ''S. tonkinensis'' Aug. DC.) *''

Sterculia lisae ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' E.L. Taylor *''

Sterculia macerenica ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' E.L. Taylor *''

Sterculia mexicana ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' R.Br. *''

Sterculia mhoysa ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' Engl. *''

Sterculia micrantha ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Chun and H.H. Hsue *'' Sterculia mirabilis'' (A. Chev.) Roberty *'' Sterculia monosperma'' Vent. – China chestnut, seven sisters' fruit, pheng phok *''

Sterculia multiovula ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Malva, mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia ...

'' E.L. Taylor *'' Sterculia murex'' Hemsl. – Lowveld chestnut *'' Sterculia narioensis'' E.L. Taylor *''

Sterculia oblonga ''Sterculia oblonga'', the yellow sterculia, is a commercial timber tree in the family Malvaceae. It is native to the tropical rainforests of Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. It is threat ...

'' Mast. *'' Sterculia ornatisepala'' E.L. Taylor *''

Sterculia paniculata ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' *''

Sterculia parviflora ''Sterculia parviflora'' is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is found in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. First described in the ''Flora Indica'' by the botanist William Roxburgh, ''S. parviflora'' is a tree reac ...

'' Roxb. *''

Sterculia pendula ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' Ducke *''

Sterculia peruviana ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' (D.R. Simpson) E.L. Taylor ex Brako and Zarucchi *''

Sterculia petensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' E.L. Taylor *'' Sterculia pexa'' Pierre *''

Sterculia pinbienensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' may ...

'' Tsai & Mao *''

Sterculia principis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Gagnep. *'' Sterculia pruriens'' ( Aubl.)

*''

Sterculia purpurea ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' E.L. Taylor *'' Sterculia quadrifida'' – Gorarbar (status unresolved) *''

Sterculia quinqueloba ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' (Garcke)

– Five-lobed sterculia *'' Sterculia rebeccae'' E.L. Taylor *'' Sterculia recordiana'' Standl. *'' Sterculia rhinopetala''

– Red sterculia *''

Sterculia rigidifolia ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' Ducke *''

Sterculia rogersii ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Malva, mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia ...

'' N.E. Br. – Ulumbu tree *''

Sterculia rugosa ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' R.Br. *''

Sterculia rubiginosa ''Sterculia rubiginosa'' is a plant species, belonging to the genus '' Sterculia'' and the family Malvaceae (previously the Sterculiaceae, now relegated to a subfamily). The species can be found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands, Myanmar (Bur ...

'' Vent – ''Bai rua long'' in Vietnam *''

Sterculia scandens ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Hemsl. *''

Sterculia schliebenii ''Sterculia schliebenii'' is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is found in Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in Ea ...

Mildbr. Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed (19 December 1879 – 24 December 1954) was a German botanist that specialized in mosses, ferns, and various spermatophytes. He is well known for authoring the most current monograph and taxonomic treatment of ...

*''

Sterculia setigera ''Sterculia setigera'' is a deciduous tree species within the Malvaceae family. It commonly occurs in the Sahelo-Sudan and Guinea savannah zones of Tropical Africa. Among the Hausa people it is known as Kukkuki. It is an important tree crop in ...

'' Delile *''

Sterculia simaoensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Y.Y. Qian *''

Sterculia speciosa ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' may ...

*''

Sterculia steyermarkii ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' E.L. Taylor ex Mondragón *''

Sterculia stigmarota ''Sterculia stigmarota'' is a plant, belonging to the genus '' Sterculia'' and the family Malvaceae (previously the Sterculiaceae, now relegated to a subfamily). This species is found only in southern Vietnam (where it is known as ''bảy thưa ...

'' Pierre (status unresolved) *''

Sterculia stipulifera ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' Ducke *''

Sterculia striata ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' A. St.-Hil. & Naudin *'' Sterculia subnobilis'' H.H. Hsue *''

Sterculia subracemosa ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Chun & H.H. Hsue *''

Sterculia subviolacea ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

*''

Sterculia tavia ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

*'' Sterculia tessmannii''

*''

Sterculia tonkinensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Aug. DC. *''

Sterculia tantraensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ma ...

'' *'' Sterculia tragacantha''

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...

*'' Sterculia urens'' – Gulu (synonym of '' Firmiana simplex'') **''S. urens'' var. ''thorelii'' is a synonym of ''S. thorelii'' Pierre – (''Bay thua Thorel'' in Vietnam) *''

Sterculia venezuelensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' Pittier *'' Sterculia villifera'' Steud. – Broad-leaved bottle tree *'' Sterculia villosa'' Roxb. *''

Sterculia xolocotzii ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' ...

'' T. Wendt & E.L. Taylor *''

Sterculia yuanjiangensis ''Sterculia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. ''Sterculia'' may ...

'' H.H. Hsue & X.J.Xu

Deprecated

Etymology

The scientific name is taken from Sterculius of

Roman mythology Roman mythology is the body of myths of ancient Rome as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans. One of a wide variety of genres of Roman folklore, ''Roman mythology'' may also refer to the modern study of these represent ...

, who was the god of manure; this is in reference to the unpleasant aroma of the flowers of this genus (''e.g.

Sterculia foetida ''Sterculia foetida'' is a soft wooded tree that can grow up to tall.Sterculia Foe ...

'').

Ecology

''Sterculia'' species are food plants for the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

e of some Lepidoptera species including the

leaf miner A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths ( Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, the mother clade of wasp ...

Bucculatrix xenaula ''Bucculatrix xenaula'' is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in South Australia. It was described in 1893 by Edward Meyrick. Larvae have been found feeding on the leaves '' Sterculia'' and ''Brachychiton ''Brachychiton'' (kur ...

'', which feeds exclusively on this genus.

Toxicity and uses

The pods, particularly those of ''S. foetida'', contain seeds reported to be edible, with a taste similar to cocoa.. However, the oil contains

cyclopropene Cyclopropene is an organic compound with the formula . It is the simplest cycloalkene. Because the ring is highly strained, cyclopropene is difficult to prepare and highly reactive. This colorless gas has been the subject for many fundamental s ...

fatty acids In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, f ...

which could be

carcinogenic A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis (the formation of cancer). This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Several radioactive sub ...

co-carcinogenic A co-carcinogen is a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. Usually, the term is used to refer to chemicals that are not carcinogenic on their own, such that an equivalent amount of the chemical is ins ...

.L. O. Hanus, P. Goldshlag, V. M. Dembitsky (2008). "Identification Of Cyclopropyl Fatty Acids In Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Oil." Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2008, 152(1):41–45. Gum karaya is extracted from ''Sterculia'' species, and is used as a

thickener A thickening agent or thickener is a substance which can increase the viscosity of a liquid without substantially changing its other properties. Edible thickeners are commonly used to thicken sauces, soups, and puddings without altering their ta ...

and

emulsifier An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Althoug ...

in foods, as a

laxative Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation. Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lub ...

, and as a

denture Dentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, and are supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or ...

adhesive. In India, this is sourced from:

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the nin ...

, Maharashtra,

Madras Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras (List of renamed Indian cities and states#Tamil Nadu, the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost states and territories of India, Indian state. The largest city ...

Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital city, capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, and Rewa, India, Rewa being the othe ...

and Chhota Nagpur.

References

External links

* *
FAO: Species with edible "nuts" listed by families angiosperms (under Sterculiaceae)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1478297 Malvaceae genera