Stephen Cuthbert Vivian Dodgson (17 March 192413 April 2013) was a British composer and broadcaster. Dodgson's prolific musical output covered most genres, ranging from opera and large-scale orchestral music to chamber and instrumental music, as well as choral works and song. Three instruments to which he dedicated particular attention were the

guitar The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that typically has six strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming or plucking the strings with the dominant hand, while simultaneously pressing selected string ...

harpsichord A harpsichord ( it, clavicembalo; french: clavecin; german: Cembalo; es, clavecín; pt, cravo; nl, klavecimbel; pl, klawesyn) is a musical instrument played by means of a musical keyboard, keyboard. This activates a row of levers that turn a ...

and recorder. He wrote in a mainly tonal, although sometimes unconventional, idiom. Some of his works use unusual combinations of instruments.

Biography

Stephen Dodgson was born in

Chelsea, London Chelsea is an affluent area in west London, England, due south-west of Charing Cross by approximately 2.5 miles. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames and for postal purposes is part of the south-western postal area. Chelsea histori ...

in 1924, the third child o
John Arthur Dodgson
who was a

symbolist Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and real ...

painter and nephew of Campbell Dodgson, and his wife, who was born Margaret Valentine Pease and also an artist. He was distant cousin of

Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet and mathematician. His most notable works are ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (1865) and its sequel ...

. He was educated at

Berkhamsted School Berkhamsted School is an independent day school in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. The present school was formed in 1997 by the amalgamation of the original Berkhamsted School, founded in 1541 by John Incent, Dean of St Paul's Cathedra ...

in Hertfordshire and at

Stowe School , motto_translation = I stand firm and I stand first , established = , closed = , type = Public school Independent school, day & boarding , religion = Church of England , president = , head_label = Headmaster ...

Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-eas ...

. In 1942, he was conscripted into the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were foug ...

and took part in

anti-submarine warfare Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typi ...

escorting convoys in the

Battle of the Atlantic The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blocka ...

. On returning to London, he studied composition privately for a year with Bernard Stevens before enrolling at the

Royal College of Music The Royal College of Music is a music school, conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the Undergraduate education, undergraduate to the Doctorate, doctoral level in a ...

in 1946, officially to study the horn (under Frank Probyn), but in practice he was able to focus on composition under the guidance of

R. O. Morris Reginald Owen Morris (3 March 1886 – 15 December 1948), known professionally and by his friends by his initials, as R.O. Morris, was a British composer and teacher. Teacher and author Morris was born in York, son of Army officer Reginald ...

, Patrick Hadley and Antony Hopkins. While Morris instilled an interest in counterpoint and music from past centuries, such as that of the madrigalist

Thomas Morley Thomas Morley (1557 – early October 1602) was an English composer, theorist, singer and organist of the Renaissance. He was one of the foremost members of the English Madrigal School. Referring to the strong Italian influence on the Engl ...

, Hadley and Hopkins provided more practical tuition. Dodgson's early compositions won several prizes, including the Cobbett Memorial Prize for a Fantasy String Quartet (1948) and two

Royal Philharmonic Society The Royal Philharmonic Society (RPS) is a British music society, formed in 1813. Its original purpose was to promote performances of instrumental music in London. Many composers and performers have taken part in its concerts. It is now a mem ...

prizes: for his Variations for Orchestra (1949) and the Symphony in E Flat (1953). In 1949, he also won an Octavia travelling scholarship, which sent him to

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. After returning to London in the spring of 1950, his music increasingly attracted performances and broadcasts by prominent players (including flautist Geoffrey Gilbert, oboist Evelyn Barbirolli, harpist Maria Korchinska, violinist Neville Marriner, violist Watson Forbes, the

Philip Jones Brass Ensemble The Philip Jones Brass Ensemble, founded in 1951 by trumpeter Philip Jones, was one of the first modern classical brass ensembles to be formed. The group played either as a quintet or as a ten-piece, for larger halls. It toured and recorded exten ...

), and conductors such as Leslie Woodgate,

Paul Steinitz Paul Steinitz OBE (25 August 190 – 21 April 1988) was an English post-war organist, best known as an interpreter of Johann Sebastian Bach's music. He founded the London Bach Society and Steinitz Bach Players, performing among other signif ...

and the composer Gerald Finzi. After initially making a living with teaching work in schools and colleges, in 1956 Dodgson was able to return to the Royal College of Music in a teaching capacity (where he also conducted the junior orchestra). In 1965 he was appointed professor of composition and music theory, a post he held until his retirement in 1982. Two of the instruments which held special places in Dodgson's were the

and the

. His introduction to harpsichord writing came through one of the instrument's first twentieth-century exponents, the Czech player and musicologist,

Stanislav Heller Stanislav Heller (15 September 1924 – 23 January 2000) was a harpsichordist and musicologist of Czech origin. Born in Brno, he studied piano with Vilém Kurz and organ with Bedřich Wiederman at the Prague Conservatoire. His family emigrate ...

. In 1959, four years after writing his first pieces for the instrument he married Jane Clark, herself a harpsichordist and an authority on François Couperin. His wife fostered an increasing fascination with

early Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early ...

and Baroque music. He first came to write for the guitar—an instrument with which Dodgson is perhaps especially associated—in the early 1950s when Alexis Chesnakov, a Russian actor exiled in Britain, requested some folksong settings. Although Dodgson lacked any practical knowledge of the instrument, by the time of his Guitar Concerto No 1, completed in 1956, he had come to write for it idiomatically. This concerto was written for Julian Bream, but in his absence it was premiered by a 17-year-old John Williams (with the

Royal Philharmonic Orchestra The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO) is a British symphony orchestra based in London, that performs and produces primarily classic works. The RPO was established by Thomas Beecham in 1946. In its early days, the orchestra secured profitable ...

conducted by Walter Goehr), for whom he later wrote the Guitar Concerto No 2 (1972). From 1957 onwards, he broadcast regularly on BBC Radio and wrote the music for many radio plays, often (from 1961 onwards) in friendly collaboration with the producer Raymond Raikes. In 1986 he became chairman of the National Youth Wind Orchestra of Great Britain, for which he wrote several pieces. Recorder player John Turner remembers him as "Enthusiastic, ebullient and quick-witted... extremely voluble, with a strong, distinctive voice, an ever-present smile, much old-world courtesy, and an idiosyncratic gait." Stephen Dodgson died on 13 April 2013, aged 89. He is said to have remained remarkably active until the last few months of his life.

Music

Dodgson's musical output covers most genres, ranging from opera, large-scale orchestral music and wind-band works to chamber and instrumental music, along with choral works and song. He deployed an unusually wide variety of solo instruments. One of the few recent composers to write idiomatically for the harpsichord, clavichord and harp, he may be the first since the eighteenth century to have written for

baryton The baryton is a bowed string instrument similar to the viol, but distinguished by an extra set of sympathetic but also pluckable strings. It was in regular use in Europe until the end of the 18th century. Design The baryton can be viewed as a ...

trio. He wrote concertos for instruments ranging from the

viola da gamba The viol (), viola da gamba (), or informally gamba, is any one of a family of bowed, fretted, and stringed instruments with hollow wooden bodies and pegboxes where the tension on the strings can be increased or decreased to adjust the pitch ...

to the bass trombone. Three instruments to which he dedicated particular attention were the

and recorder, and one of his works, High Barbaree (1999), is actually scored for all three. Guitarists who had works dedicated to them by Dodgson include

Julian Bream Julian Alexander Bream (15 July 193314 August 2020) was an English classical guitarist and lutenist. Regarded as one of the most distinguished classical guitarists of the 20th century, he played a significant role in improving the public perc ...

, Gabriel Estarellas, Angelo Gilardino,

Nicola Hall Nicola Hall (born 3 March 1969), is an English classical guitarist. She was born in Ipswich and studied at Chetham's School of Music, later at the Royal Northern College of Music and also with John Williams. She won first prizes in several compe ...

John Williams John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932)Nylund, Rob (15 November 2022)Classic Connection review '' WBOI'' ("For the second time this year, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic honored American composer, conductor, and arranger John Williams, who w ...

, the Eden-Stell Duo and the Fragnito-Matarazzo Duo. In addition to a large number of solo works, among which are six virtuoso

piano sonata A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movement (music), movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement (Domenico Scarlatti, Scarlatti, Liszt, Scr ...

s, this includes ensemble pieces and two concertos. Dodgson also composed duet concertos for two guitars and strings, and for violin, guitar and strings. His works for the guitar call on many different instrumental combinations, ranging from two, three and four guitars to use of massed guitars with and without accompaniments. His contribution to the core solo guitar repertoire includes four well-known Partitas and a popular set of Fantasy-Divisions.Mackenzie (2006) Dodgson's first work for harpsichord, a set of Six Inventions, was written in 1955. Influenced by his wife Jane's scholarly and practical interest in the history of the instrument, he produced a further four sets of Inventions for harpsichord, dating from 1961, 1970, 1985 and 1993, a series of 30 pieces that charts a musical course from the early twentieth-century metal-framed instruments to replicas of antique instruments, with the introduction of stylistic features derived from historically informed performance practice. Dodgson's many contributions to the recorder repertoire include "Shine and Shade", a

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a majo ...

y virtuoso piece from 1975, written for one of his students, the composer

Richard Harvey Richard Allen Harvey (born 25 September 1953) is an English composer and musician. Originally of the mediaevalist progressive rock group Gryphon, he is best known now for his film and television soundtracks. He is also known for his guitar c ...

. Material from Dodgson's incidental music for a 1970 BBC radio production of a

John Ford John Martin Feeney (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973), known professionally as John Ford, was an American film director and naval officer. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation. He ...

play,

Perkin Warbeck Perkin Warbeck ( 1474 – 23 November 1499) was a pretender to the English throne claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, who was the second son of Edward IV and one of the so-called " Princes in the Tower". Richard, were he ali ...

, in which David Munrow had played the recorder enthusiastically, re-emerged in 1972 in a follow-up work called Warbeck Dances for recorder and harpsichord. His later works for the instrument include the Concerto Chacony (2000) with string orchestra, and a Capriccio Concertante No. 2 (2005) for the unusual combination of recorder, harpsichord and string orchestra. Dodgson loved the theatre and wrote both for the stage and for many BBC drama productions (see

Incidental music Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program, video game, or some other presentation form that is not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead ...

). His one full-scale opera, ''Margaret Catchpole – Two Worlds Apart'', is in four acts and features a heroine who has been dubbed a "female Dick Turpin". His two chamber operas, the farcical ''Cadilly'' and ''Nancy the Waterman'', were first performed with puppets (at the Purcell Room in 1969) and have also been fully staged (in

St Albans St Albans () is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, north-west of London, south-west of Welwyn Garden City and south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roma ...

in 2002 and 2007). His music for wind band includes a four-movement Wind Symphony (1974). His orchestral output features a set of nine Essays for orchestra (five of which were recorded on a Dutton CD by the Royal Scottish National Orchestra under David Lloyd Jones), each lasting around a quarter of an hour, in which Dodgson says he aimed "to treat the orchestra boldly, as an integrated body and with ideas concentrated and unified more than contrasted", in keeping with

Francis Bacon Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (; 22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626), also known as Lord Verulam, was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Bacon led the advancement of both ...

's conception of the essay as "dispersed meditations". Other commercial recordings of cycles of Dodgson's works include the seven piano sonatas played by Bernard Roberts and the eight string quartets performed by the Tippett String Quartet.

Style

In ''

The Oxford Companion to Music ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' is a music reference book in the Book series, series of Oxford Companions produced by the Oxford University Press. It was originally conceived and written by Percy Scholes and published in 1938. Since then, it ...

'', Paul Griffiths notes that Dodgson "proved adept at producing likable, well-crafted music to order, often for unusual chamber ensembles." The critic Guy Rickards has summarized his style as follows: "Dodgson's music is written mostly in an agreeable if occasionally challenging modern tonal idiom, cosmopolitan rather than overtly British in style, influenced by

and Baroque music and Janáček as much as English pastoralism... His mature style was one of refinement, sitting somewhere between post-Romanticism and

neo-classicism Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism was ...

, but individual works often had quirky, even spectral sides to them."

Selected works

''Note:'' For more extensive listings of works by this prolific composer, see Mackenzie (2006).

Opera

* ''Cadilly'' (1969) * ''Nancy the Waterman'' (1969) * ''Margaret Catchpole'' (1979)

Choral

* ''Te Deum'', for soprano, tenor, bass, chorus, organ and orchestra (1972) * ''Magnificat'', for soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, bass, chorus and orchestra (1974)

Song

* ''Irishry'' (four poems of

Joseph Campbell Joseph John Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was an American writer. He was a professor of literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work covers many aspects of th ...

, 1949) * ''Tideways'' (four poems of

Ezra Pound Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an expatriate American poet and critic, a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement, and a fascist collaborator in Italy during World War II. His works includ ...

, 1950) * ''Four Poems of John Clare'' (1961) * ''Bush Ballads'' (First Series, 1974) * ''Bush Ballads'' (Second Series, 1998) * ''Bush Ballads'' (Third Series, 2003)

Orchestral

* ''Concerto No. 1 for Guitar and Orchestra'' (1956) * ''Russian Pieces for orchestra (1957) * ''Villanelle'' (1960) * ''Concerto for viola da gamba & Chamber Orchestra'' (1961) * ''The Mikado (Overture)'' (1962) * ''Concerto for Bassoon and Chamber Orchestra'' (1969) * ''Concerto No. 2 for Guitar and Orchestra'' (1972) * ''Last of the Leaves'', for bass, clarinet and strings (1975) * ''Essay No. 1'' (1980) * ''Essay No. 2'' (1981) * ''Essay No. 3'' (1982) * ''Essay No. 4'' (1984) * ''Essay No. 5'' (1985) * ''Symphony in One Movement'' (1988) * ''Sinfonia "Troia-Nova"'' * ''Duo Concerto for Violin, Guitar and Strings'' (1990) * ''Concerto for Flute and Strings'' (1991) * ''Concertino for 2 Guitars and Strings "Les Dentelles"'' (1998) * ''Concerto for Bass Trombone and Orchestra'' (1985) * ''Essay No. 6'' (1991) * ''Essay No. 7'', for string orchestra (1992) * ''The Rising of Job'' (1998) * ''Essay No. 8'' (2000) * ''Essay No. 9''

Incidental music

* '' The Beaux Stratagem'' by

George Farquhar George Farquhar (1677The explanation for the dual birth year appears in Louis A. Strauss, ed., A Discourse Upon Comedy, The Recruiting Officer, and The Beaux’ Stratagem by George Farquhar' (Boston: D.C. Heath & Co., 1914), p. v. Strauss notes ...

(1961), * '' Love for Love'' by

William Congreve William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet of the Restoration period. He is known for his clever, satirical dialogue and influence on the comedy of manners style of that period. He was also a mi ...

(1965) * ''The Legacy'' by

Pierre de Marivaux Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (4 February 1688 – 12 February 1763), commonly referred to as Marivaux, was a French playwright and novelist. He is considered one of the most important French playwrights of the 18th century, writing nume ...

(1965) * '' The Old Bachelor'' by Congreve (1966) * '' Mostellaria ("The Ghost of a Play") by

Plautus Titus Maccius Plautus (; c. 254 – 184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. He wrote Palliata comoedia, the ...

(1969) * ''

'' by

(1970) * ''Henry VI'' by

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...

, in two parts (1970) * '' Morte D'Arthur'' by

Thomas Malory Sir Thomas Malory was an English writer, the author of '' Le Morte d'Arthur'', the classic English-language chronicle of the Arthurian legend, compiled and in most cases translated from French sources. The most popular version of '' Le Morte d' ...

(1970) * '' Women in Power'' by

Aristophanes Aristophanes (; grc, Ἀριστοφάνης, ; c. 446 – c. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Kydathenaion ( la, Cydathenaeum), was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy. Eleven of his fo ...

, translated by Patric Dickinson (1970) * ''

Macbeth ''Macbeth'' (, full title ''The Tragedie of Macbeth'') is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. It is thought to have been first performed in 1606. It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those w ...

'' by Shakespeare (1971) * ''

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'' is a late 14th-century chivalric romance in Middle English. The author is unknown; the title was given centuries later. It is one of the best-known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of f ...

'' (1971) * '' The Silent Woman'' by

Ben Jonson Benjamin "Ben" Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – c. 16 August 1637) was an English playwright and poet. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for ...

(1974) * '' The London Cuckolds'' by Edward Ravenscroft (1974)

Wind band

* ''Wind Symphony'' (1974) * ''The Eagle'', a tone poem (1976) * ''Matelot: a Diversion for Wind Band'' (1977) * ''Capriccio Concertante'' for clarinet and wind orchestra (1984) * ''Arlington Concertante'' (1986) * ''Bandwagon'' (1991) * ''Marchrider'' (1990) * ''Flowers of London Town'', a symphonic sequence after

William Blake William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual art of the Romantic Age. ...

(1990)

Guitar ensemble

*''Personent Hodie'' (1981) *''Divertissement'' (1983) for violin and guitar ensemble *''Hymnus de Sancto Stephano'' (1983) for soprano and guitar ensemble *''The Selevan Story'' (1992) for flute, violin, guitar duo and guitar ensemble *''Watersmeet'' (2002)

Chamber

*''Sonata'' for viola and piano (1952) *''Pastoral Sonata'' for flute, cello and guitar (1953; rev. 1959 & 1998) *''Suite'' for brass septet (1957) *''Duo'' for flute and harp (1958) *''Four Poems of John Clare'' for voice and guitar (1962) *''Sonata'' for brass quintet (1963) *''Four Fancies'' for viola and piano (1964) *''String Trio No. 2'' (1964) *''Piano Trio No. 1'' (1967) *''Duo Concertante'' for guitar and harpsichord (1968) *''Suite in D'' for oboe and harpsichord (1972) *''Piano Trio No. 2'' (1973) *''Quintet'' for guitar and string quartet (1973) *''Duo'' for cello and guitar (1974) *''Shine and Shade'' for recorder and harpsichord/piano (1975) *''Dialogues'' for guitar and harpsichord (1976) *''Bagatelles'' for four clarinets (1977) *''London Lyrics'' for voice and guitar (1977) *''Caprice after Puck'' for viola solo (1978) * ''Circus Pony'' (1978) *''Follow the Star'' for three guitars (1979) *''Capriccio'' for flute and guitar (1980) *''Quatre rondeaux de Charles d'Orléans'' for soprano and harpsichord (1982) *''Sonata for Three'' for flute, viola and guitar (1982) *''In Search of Folly'' for flute and guitar (1986) *''Fantasia for Six Brass'' (1987) *''Promenade I'' for two guitars (1988) *''Pastourelle'' for two guitars (1992) *''Riversong'' for two guitars (1994) *''Five Penny Pieces'' (1995) *''Daphne to Apollo'' for voice and guitar (1997) *''Echoes of Autumn'' for viola and guitar (1998) *''High Barbaree'' for recorder, guitar and harpsichord (1999) *''Piano Trio No. 3'' (2000) *''Venus to the Muses'' for soprano, recorder, bassoon and harpsichord (2002) *''Warbeck Trio'' for recorder, bassoon and harpsichord (2002)

Solo guitar

*''Partita No. 1'' (1963) *''Studies'' (1965) *''Fantasy-Divisions'' (1969) *''Partita No. 2'' (1976) *''Legend'' (1977) *''Merlin'' (1978) *''Etude-Caprice'' (1980) *''Partita No. 3'' (1981) *''Stemma'' (1988) *''Three Attic Dances'' (1989) *''Partita No. 4'' (1990) *''The Midst of Life'' (1994)

Piano

* Sonata for piano duet (1949) * ''Tournament for Twenty Fingers'', Vol 1 and Vol 2 for piano duet (1952, 1954) *''Piano Sonata No. 1'' (1959) *''Piano Sonata No. 2'' (1975) *''Piano Sonata No. 3'' (1983) *''Piano Sonata No. 4'' (1987) *''Piano Sonata No. 5'' (1992) *''Piano Sonata No. 6'' (1994)

Other solo instrument

*''Inventions'' for harpsichord (1955) *''The Faery Beam Upon You'' for alto flute (1994) *''Bagatelles for Piano'' (1998) *''Cor Leonis'' for solo French horn (1990)

References

Sources

External links

*
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Julian Perkins Julian Perkins is a British conductor and keyboard player (harpsichord, fortepiano and clavichord). Shortlisted for the Gramophone Award in 2021, he is Artistic Director of the Portland Baroque Orchestra in the USA. He lives in London, Engla ...

Stephen Dodgson on Classical Composers' Database
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dodgson, Stephen 1924 births 2013 deaths 20th-century classical composers 21st-century classical composers English classical composers People educated at Berkhamsted School People educated at Stowe School Royal Navy personnel of World War II Alumni of the Royal College of Music Musicians from London Academics of the Royal College of Music BBC radio presenters English male classical composers 20th-century English composers 20th-century British male musicians 21st-century British male musicians