''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves,

zygomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spiral ...

bisexual Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one gender. It may also be defined to include romantic or sexual attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, wh ...

flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating into four parts, followed by fruit that is usually a narrow oblong or cylindrical follicle.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Stenocarpus'' are trees or shrubs with leaves that may be

simple Simple or SIMPLE may refer to: * Simplicity, the state or quality of being simple Arts and entertainment * ''Simple'' (album), by Andy Yorke, 2008, and its title track * "Simple" (Florida Georgia Line song), 2018 * "Simple", a song by John ...

compound Compound may refer to: Architecture and built environments * Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall ** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struct ...

or lobed, depending on the species. The flowers are arranged in

umbel In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin ''umbella'' " ...

s or

raceme A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the sh ...

s at or near the ends of branches and are zygomorphic and bisexual. Four

tepal A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...

s form a flower tube that opens on the lower side at first before separating into four with a spherical end, there are four

sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...

anthers The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

, the single

carpel Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) '' pistils' ...

is stalked and the

pollen presenter A pollen-presenter is an area on the tip of the style in flowers of plants of the family Proteaceae on which the anthers release their pollen prior to anthesis. To ensure pollination, the style grows during anthesis, sticking out the pollen-presen ...

is an oblique, flattened disc. The fruit is a follicle that usually opens by splitting down one side and contains up to fifty seeds.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Stenocarpus'' was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown in the ''

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature coll ...

''. The name ''Stenocarpus'' means "narrow fruit", referring to the long follicles of most species.

Species list

The following is a list of ''Stenocarpus'' species accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants ...

as at September 2021: * ''

Stenocarpus acacioides ''Stenocarpus acacioides'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is a shrub or tree with elliptic leaves and groups of white flowers and woody, linear follicles. Description ''S ...

'' ( N.T., W.A.) * ''

Stenocarpus angustifolius ''Stenocarpus angustifolius'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, groups of creamy white flowers and cylindrical follicles. ...

'' ( Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus comptonii ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating in ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus cryptocarpus ''Stenocarpus cryptocarpus'', commonly known as the giant-leaved stenocarpus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with buttress roots at the base, simple, mostly elliptical ad ...

'' – giant-leaved stenocarpus (Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus cunninghamii ''Stenocarpus cunninghamii'', commonly known as little wheel bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with simple, narrow elliptic or lance-shaped adult lea ...

'' – little wheel bush (W.A., N.T., Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus davallioides ''Stenocarpus davallioides'', commonly known as the fern-leaved stenocarpus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with simple or pinnate adult leaves, groups of creamy-green ...

'' – fern-leaved stenocarpus (Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus dumbeensis ''Stenocarpus dumbeensis'' was a species of plant in the family Proteaceae. It was endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined z ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus gracilis ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating in ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus heterophyllus ''Stenocarpus heterophyllus'' is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus intermedius ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating in ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus milnei ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating int ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus moorei ''Stenocarpus moorei'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. It was first described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in '' Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae'', but in 1870, George Bentham reduced it to ''Stenocarpus salignu ...

'' (New Guinea, Qld., N.S.W.) * ''

Stenocarpus phyllodineus ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating in ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus reticulatus ''Stenocarpus reticulatus'', commonly known as black silky oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with simple leaves, groups of strongly-perfumed, creamy-white flowers and ...

'' – black silky oak (Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus rubiginosus ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating int ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus salignus ''Stenocarpus salignus'', known as the scrub beefwood is an Australian rainforest tree in the family Proteaceae. Found in warmer rainforests on the coast and ranges. It is often found in warm temperate rainforest on poorer sedimentary soils, or ...

'' – scrub beefwood (N.S.W., Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus sinuatus ''Stenocarpus sinuatus'', known as the firewheel tree, is an Australian rainforest tree in the family Proteaceae. The range of natural distribution is in various rainforest types from the Nambucca River (30° S) in New South Wales to the A ...

'' – firewheel tree (New Guinea, N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Stenocarpus tremuloides'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus trinervis ''Stenocarpus trinervis'' is a species of rainforest tree in the family Proteaceae, endemic to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location o ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus umbellifer ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating in ...

'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus verticis'' (N.T., Qld.) * '' Stenocarpus villosus'' (New Caledonia)

Distribution

Twelve species of ''Stenocarpus'' are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to New Caledonia. Of the ten species found in Australia, eight are endemic, occurring in New South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. A further two species, '' S. moorei'' and '' S. sinuatus'' also occur in New Guinea and the

Aru Islands The Aru Islands Regency ( id, Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru) is a group of about 95 low-lying islands in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It also forms a regency of Maluku Province, with a land area of . At the 2011 Census the Regency had a p ...

. Virot, R. (1967). Protéacées. In Flore de La Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances, edited by A. Aubréville, 2:1–254. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5223276 Proteaceae genera Proteales of Australia Australasian realm flora