''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family (biology), family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genus, genera with about 1,660 known species. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentr ...

. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves,

zygomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spir ...

bisexual Bisexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior toward both males and females. It may also be defined as the attraction to more than one gender, to people of both the same and different gender, or the attraction t ...

flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating into four parts, followed by fruit that is usually a narrow oblong or cylindrical follicle.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Stenocarpus'' are trees or shrubs with leaves that may be

simple Simple or SIMPLE may refer to: *Simplicity, the state or quality of being simple Arts and entertainment * ''Simple'' (album), by Andy Yorke, 2008, and its title track * "Simple" (Florida Georgia Line song), 2018 * "Simple", a song by John ...

compound Compound may refer to: Architecture and built environments * Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall ** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struc ...

or lobed, depending on the species. The flowers are arranged in

umbel UMBEL (Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer) is a logically organized knowledge graph of 34,000 concepts and entity types that can be used in information science for relating information from disparate sources to one another. It was retired ...

s or

raceme A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are ...

s at or near the ends of branches and are zygomorphic and bisexual. Four

tepal A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...

s form a flower tube that opens on the lower side at first before separating into four with a spherical end, there are four

sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...

anthers The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filamen ...

, the single

carpel Gynoecium (; ; : gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more ...

is stalked and the

pollen presenter A pollen-presenter is an area on the tip of the Stigma_(botany)#Style, style in flowers of plants of the family Proteaceae on which the Stamen#Morphology_and_terminology, anthers release their pollen prior to anthesis. To ensure pollination, the st ...

is an oblique, flattened disc. The fruit is a follicle that usually opens by splitting down one side and contains up to fifty seeds.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Stenocarpus'' was first formally described in 1810 by

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in the ''

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collec ...

''. The name ''Stenocarpus'' means "narrow fruit", referring to the long follicles of most species.

Species list

The following is a list of ''Stenocarpus'' species accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

as at September 2021: * ''

Stenocarpus acacioides ''Stenocarpus acacioides'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is a shrub or tree with elliptic leaves and groups of white flowers and woody, linear follicles. Description ''St ...

'' ( N.T., W.A.) * ''

Stenocarpus angustifolius ''Stenocarpus angustifolius'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, groups of creamy white flowers and cylindrical Follicle (fru ...

'' ( Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus comptonii ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual flowers, the floral tube opening on the lower side before separating int ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus cryptocarpus ''Stenocarpus cryptocarpus'', commonly known as the giant-leaved stenocarpus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with buttress roots at the base, simple, mostly elliptical adu ...

'' – giant-leaved stenocarpus (Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus cunninghamii ''Stenocarpus cunninghamii'', commonly known as little wheel bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with simple, narrow elliptic or lance-shaped adult leav ...

'' – little wheel bush (W.A., N.T., Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus davallioides ''Stenocarpus davallioides'', commonly known as the fern-leaved stenocarpus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with simple or pinnate adult leaves, groups of creamy-green f ...

'' – fern-leaved stenocarpus (Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus dumbeensis ''Stenocarpus dumbeensis'' was a species of plant in the family Proteaceae. It was endemic to New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located f ...

'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus gracilis ''Stenocarpus'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. They are trees or shrubs with variably-shaped leaves, Floral symmetry#Zygomorphic, zygomorphic, Plant reproductive morphology#Bisexual, bisexual flo ...

'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus heterophyllus'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus intermedius'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus milnei'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus moorei'' (New Guinea, Qld., N.S.W.) * '' Stenocarpus phyllodineus'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus reticulatus'' – black silky oak (Qld.) * '' Stenocarpus rubiginosus'' (New Caledonia) * ''

Stenocarpus salignus ''Stenocarpus salignus'', known as the scrub beefwood is an Australian rainforest tree in the family Proteaceae. Found in warmer rainforests on the coast and ranges. It is often found in warm temperate rainforest on poorer sedimentary soils, or ...

'' – scrub beefwood (N.S.W., Qld.) * ''

Stenocarpus sinuatus ''Stenocarpus sinuatus'', known as the firewheel tree, is an Australian rainforest tree in the family Proteaceae. The range of natural distribution is in various rainforest types from the Nambucca River (30° S) in New South Wales to the Athe ...

'' – firewheel tree (New Guinea, N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Stenocarpus tremuloides'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus trinervis'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus umbellifer'' (New Caledonia) * '' Stenocarpus verticis'' (N.T., Qld.) * '' Stenocarpus villosus'' (New Caledonia)

Distribution

Twelve species of ''Stenocarpus'' are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to New Caledonia. Of the ten species found in Australia, eight are endemic, occurring in New South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. A further two species, '' S. moorei'' and '' S. sinuatus'' also occur in New Guinea and the

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. Virot, R. (1967). Protéacées. In Flore de La Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances, edited by A. Aubréville, 2:1–254. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5223276 Proteaceae genera Proteales of Australia Flora of the Australasian realm