The Steganinae
Hendel, 1917, is the smaller of two subfamilies in the fruit fly family
Drosophilidae
The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae, are true f ...
. The other subfamily is the
Drosophilinae.
Diagnosis
The subfamily is
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
(Grimaldi 1990; Sidorenko 2002), but can not be characterised by a single morphological character that distinguishes this subfamily from the
Drosophilinae. See for a discussion on this subfamily "''
Drosophila
''Drosophila'' (), from Ancient Greek δρόσος (''drósos''), meaning "dew", and φίλος (''phílos''), meaning "loving", is a genus of fly, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or p ...
'': A Laboratory Handbook" by
M. Ashburner, S. Hawley, K. Golic (not reproduced here due to copyrights).
* D. A. Grimaldi 1990. A
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
, revised classification of genera in the
Drosophilidae
The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae, are true f ...
(
Diptera
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advance ...
). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 197: 1–128.
* V. S. Sidorenko 2002.
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ...
of the tribe Steganini Hendel and some related taxa (
Diptera
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advance ...
,
Drosophilidae
The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae, are true f ...
). Far Eastern Entomologist 111: 1-20.
Phylogeny
The
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
relationships within the subfamily have not yet been confirmed by molecular studies, and are partially based on traditional
cladistic
Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'branch') is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is ...
methods using primarily morphological characteristics and partly based on expert opinions. The classification below might be not approved by all scholars in the field, but gives a reasonable overview of our current knowledge:
Tribe: Steganini
:Subtribe: Steganina
::Genus: ''
Eostegana''
::Genus: ''
Stegana''
:Subtribe: Leucophengina
::Genus: ''
Allopygaea''
::Genus: ''
Cacoxenus''
Houdini fly inflates head to break walls
/ref>
::Genus: '' Leucophenga''
Tribe: Gitonini
:Subtribe: Gitonina
::Genus: '' Amiota''
::Genus: '' Apenthecia''
::Genus: '' Apsiphortica''
::Genus: '' Cacoxenus''
::Genus: '' Crincosia''
::Genus: ''Erima
Erima is a suburb of Port Moresby, the capital city of Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and o ...
''
::Genus: '' Gitona''
::Genus: '' Paraleucophenga''
::Genus: '' Paraphortica''
::Genus: '' Phortica''
:Subtribe: Acletoxenina
::Genus: '' Acletoxenus''
::Genus: '' Hyalistata''
::Genus: '' Mayagueza''
::Genus: '' Pseudiastata''
::Genus: '' Rhinoleucophenga''
::Genus: '' Trachyleucophenga''
:Subtribe unknown
::Genus: '' Electrophortica''
::Genus: '' Pararhinoleucophenga''
::Genus: '' Parastegana''
::Genus: '' Pseudostegana''
Tribe unknown
::Genus: '' Soederbomia''
::Genus: '' Pyrgometopa''
For species within the various genera, se
fix Taxodros
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3972811
Drosophilidae
Articles containing video clips
Brachycera subfamilies