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A state league is a level of
competition Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, indi ...
in Australian sport directly below that of a national league. Most of these competitions are based in a single state or territory, and from this the term originates. State leagues are generally semi-professional and of a lower playing standard compared to national leagues. Several state leagues act as quasi- reserves competitions for teams that also compete in national leagues, while others are entirely separated from their national counterparts.


History

The Australian federation consists of six states and two territories. Historically, the highest level of club-based sports were the various leagues based in each state and territory. The change to national leagues began in 1977 when the
National Soccer League The National Soccer League (NSL) was the top-level soccer league in Australia, run by Soccer Australia and later the Australian Soccer Association. The NSL, the A-League's predecessor, spanned 28 seasons from its inception in 1977 until its ...
was formed with clubs in most capital cities. Australian football and rugby leagues followed suit during the 1980s when the Victorian and New South Welsh leagues began to admit clubs from other states.


State leagues by sport


Association football (soccer)

The state league system in men's association football (soccer) is generally underpinned by the
National Premier Leagues The National Premier Leagues (NPL) is a men's national association football competition in Australia which acts as the second tier of the sport in the country below the A-League. The NPL consists of the highest level state league in each state- ...
(NPL), which administers individual competitions in eight state-based member federations. Each of the state league competitions represent the second tier in the
Australian soccer league system The Australian soccer league system is the league system, league structure for soccer clubs in Australia. The league system in Australia since 1977 has involved one top divisional league controlled by Football Australia and many leagues run with ...
. Following the imminent introduction of the
National Second Division The Australian Championship is an upcoming Australian national second-tier men's soccer competition, to be run by Football Australia and the Association of Australian Football Clubs (AAFC). The annual tournament will initially consist of 16 te ...
in 2024, the premier NPL competitions will shift down to level 3 in the system. The term 'state league' is also used as a divisional name in several member federations' lower-tier competitions. In
women's soccer Women's association football, more commonly known as women's football or women's soccer, is the team sport of association football played by women. It is played at the professional level in multiple countries, and about 200 national teams partic ...
, the state league system is largely operated by
National Premier Leagues Women's The National Premier Leagues Women's (NPLW), also referred to as Women's National Premier Leagues (WNPL) in some states, are regional association football competitions in some states and territories in Australia, which act as the second tier of t ...
, which currently consists of seven state-based member federations.


Australian rules football


Rugby league


Rugby union


Netball

State leagues in women's netball form the third tier of competition in Australia, below the elite
Super Netball Super Netball, also known as Super Netball League or its sponsored name Suncorp Super Netball, is a professional netball league in Australia. It superseded the trans-Tasman ANZ Championship, which also included teams from New Zealand, as the to ...
and the second-tier
Australian Netball Championships The Australian Netball Championships, formerly the Australian Netball League, is an Australian netball competition. Since 2008, it has served as a second-level competition, initially below the ANZ Championship and later below Suncorp Super Net ...
(ANC). However, unlike the ANC – which has been reduced to a week-long series of matches held largely between Super Netball reserves and academy sides – state league netball competitions operate throughout the winter months and provide consistent pathways to players aiming to reach a higher level in the sport. While
men's netball On the club, national and international level, men's netball teams exist, but attract less attention than women's netball. Mixed teams are not uncommon in Australia and are very popular. Men's national teams do exist in Antigua & Barbuda, Aust ...
is growing in popularity, the sport is yet to establish a strong history of state league competitions. Half of the current men's state leagues are branded under the M-League name and are operated by the various state-based men's and mixed netball associations.


Cricket

State leagues in cricket are traditionally referred to as
grade cricket Grade cricket (also known as premier cricket) is the name of the senior inter-club or district cricket competitions in each of the Australian states and territories. The term may refer to: *Victorian Premier Cricket * NSW Premier Cricket * Queens ...
, with most state-based organisations now operating competitions under the Premier Cricket name following a move by
Cricket Australia Cricket Australia (CA) is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. It was originally formed in 1905 as the 'Australian Board of Control for International Cricket'. It is incorporated as an Australian Public Company ...
in 2016 to standardise branding. These leagues form the third tier of Australian cricket, below the elite
Sheffield Shield The Sheffield Shield is the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The tournament is contested between teams representing the six states of Australia. The Sheffield Shield is named after Henry Holroyd, 3rd Earl of Sheffield, Lor ...
and
Women's National Cricket League The Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) is the national domestic 50-over competition for women's cricket in Australia. Featuring seven teams—one from every state, plus the Australian Capital Territory—each season's winner is awarded th ...
for men and women respectively, and the second-tier Second XI competition for men.


Tennis

State leagues in
tennis Tennis is a List of racket sports, racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles (tennis), singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles (tennis), doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket st ...
in Australia are operated by the governing tennis organisation for that state. These leagues provide an opportunity for local and international tennis players to play quality matches. Most Australian pro players begin their careers playing in their respective state league competitions. These leagues represent the highest level of inter-club tennis competition within their respective regions.


References

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