A standard data model or industry standard data model (ISDM) is a
data model that is widely applied in some industry, and shared amongst competitors to some degree. They are often defined by
standards bodies
A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization (SDO), or standards setting organization (SSO) is an organization whose primary function is developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpr ...
,
database vendor
In computing, a database is an organized collection of Data (computing), data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The Databas ...
s or
operating system vendors.
When in use, they enable easier and faster information sharing because heterogeneous organizations have a standard vocabulary and pre-negotiated semantics, format, and quality standards for exchanged data. The standardization affects
software architecture as solutions that vary from the standard may cause
data sharing issues and problems if data is out of compliance with the standard.
The more effective standard models have developed in the banking, insurance,
pharmaceutical and automotive industries, to reflect the stringent standards applied to customer information gathering,
customer privacy
Consumer privacy is information privacy as it relates to the consumers of products and services.
A variety of social, legal and political issues arise from the interaction of the public's potential expectation of privacy and the collection and di ...
,
consumer safety, or
just in time manufacturing
Lean manufacturing is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It is closely related to another concept called just-in-time manufacturing (J ...
.
Typically these use the popular
relational model
The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a Structure (mathematical logic), structure and language consistent with first-order logic, first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English computer scientist Edgar F. ...
of database management, but some use the
hierarchical model
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data are organized into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records which are connected to one another through links. A record is a collection of fields, with each field containin ...
, especially those used in manufacturing or mandated by governments, e.g., the
DIN
DIN or Din or din may refer to:
People and language
* Din (name), people with the name
* Dīn, an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion from which the name originates
* Dinka language (ISO 639 code: din), spoken by ...
codes specified by
Germany. While the format of the standard may have implementation trade-offs, the underlying goal of these standards is to make sharing of data easier.
The most complex data models known are in military use, and consortia such as
NATO tend to require strict standards of their members' equipment and supply databases. However, they typically do not share these with non-NATO competitors, and so calling these 'standard' in the same sense as
commercial software is probably not very appropriate.
Example Standard Data Models
*
ISO 10303 CAE Data Exchange Standard - includes its own data modelling language, EXPRESS
*
ISO 15926 Process Plants including Oil and Gas facilities Life-Cycle data
*
IDEAS Group
The IDEAS Group is the International Defence Enterprise Architecture Specification for exchange Group. The deliverable of the project is a data exchange format for military Enterprise Architectures. The scope is four nation (plus NATO as observer ...
Foundation Ontology agreed by defence departments of Australia, Canada, France, Sweden, UK and USA
*
EN12896 CEN Reference Data Model For Public Transport. covering public transport scheduling, fare management, operations and passenger information
*
Common Education Data Standards (CEDS) is a data dictionary standard model sponsored by the U.S. government that is used widely in the United States education system
*
SIF is an interoperability specification used as a standard data model in Australia, the UK, and the US.
References
{{Unreferenced, date=October 2008
External links
Professional Petroleum Data Management Association Lite Data ModelEnergistics Energy Standards Resource CenterPipeline Open Data StandardEd-Fi Data Standard
Data modeling