Staffort Book
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The Staffort Book is a religious-historical
work Work may refer to: * Work (human activity), intentional activity people perform to support themselves, others, or the community ** Manual labour, physical work done by humans ** House work, housework, or homemaking ** Working animal, an ani ...
that was printed in 1599 in the
Staffort Castle The Staffort Castle (also ''moated castle'', ''water castle'' or ''deep castle'') was the building in Staffort, a district of the town of Stutensee, where the Staffort Book was printed in 1599. Schmalkalder's plan from 1689, which shows the dime ...
printing house and is regarded as an attempt by Margrave Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach to reconcile Lutheran and Calvinist doctrine. A translation into modern English is available.


History

Karl II of Baden-Durlach married the Protestant Princess Kunigunde of Brandenburg-Kulmbach in 1551. He converted to the Protestant doctrine and ordered the introduction of Protestant worship in the
Margraviate of Baden-Durlach The Margraviate of Baden-Durlach was an early modern territory of the Holy Roman Empire, in the upper Rhine valley, which existed from 1535 to 1771. It was formed when the Margraviate of Baden was split between the sons of Christopher I, Margrave ...
with the church order he issued on June 1, 1556. After his death in 1577, his son Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach inherited the lower margraviate with the offices of
Durlach Durlach is a district in Karlsruhe, Germany, with a population of roughly 30,000. The district is further divided into ''Alt-Durlach'', ''Dornwald-Untermühl'', ''Hanggebiet'', ''Bergwald'', ''Aue'', ''Lohn-Lissen'' and ''Killisfeld''. Histor ...
, Mühlburg,
Pforzheim Pforzheim () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany. It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the ...
, Graben and Staffort. He was a friend and patron of the sciences and is said to have enjoyed spending time in Staffort Castle. In 1584, he founded the
Gymnasium Illustre The Gymnasium illustre was a school and publishing house in Durlach and is now the Bismarck Gymnasium Karlsruhe. History The ''Gymnasium illustre'' was founded in 1586 by Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach. It was located in the cente ...
, which was named ''Ernestinum'' after its founder. While he was brought up as a devout
Lutheran Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
at a young age, he later also leaned towards
Calvinism Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Christian, Presbyteri ...
. From 1595, he attempted to introduce a reformed doctrine in the margraviate, also appointing reformed pastors and civil servants, but met with considerable resistance from his people and his Württemberg neighbors. He appointed Calvinizing teachers to the Gymnasium-Illustre and pursued intensive theological studies himself. Above all, he opposed the
Formula of Concord Formula of Concord (1577) (; ; also the "''Bergic Book''" or the "''Bergen Book''") is an authoritative Lutheran statement of faith (called a confession, creed, or "symbol") that, in its two parts (''Epitome'' and ''Solid Declaration''), makes up ...
of the Lutheran Church (1577) and refused to sign it. He had a print shop set up in Staffort Castle and employed the
Speyer Speyer (, older spelling ; ; ), historically known in English as Spires, is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in the western part of the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the r ...
Huguenot The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...
printer Bernhardt Albin in his service to have his own printed works produced in Staffort. Two of his own books were printed in Staffort: firstly the ''Kurtze und einfeltige außer Gottes Wort und der Alten Rechtgläubigen Kirchen gestellte Bekanntnuß nach welcher als einer Richtschnur die Kirchen und Schuldiener in der Markgravschaft Artikel so in diesen Zeiten zwischen denjenigen so sich zur Augsburgischen Konfession bekennen contovertierend und strittig sind, in ihren anvertravertrauen Kirchen und Schulen zu verhalten haben'' (Staffort 1599). The larger book, which went down in church history as the ''Staffort Book'', was published in the same year. The title is: ''Christliche Bedenken und erhebliche wohlfundierte Motiven Deß Durchleuchtigen Hochgebornen Fürsten, Herrn Friederichen Marggraven zu Baden und Hochberg etc. welche ihre Fürstliche Gnaden bis dahero von der Subcription der Formulä Concordiä abgehalten, auch nachmalen dieselbe zu unterschreiben Bedenken, haben, sambt Ihre Fürstlichen Gnaden Confession und Bekanntnuß über etliche von den Evangelischen Theologen erweckte strittige Artikel.'' Printed in your F. G. Castle Staffort by Bernhardt Albin M.D.XCIX. Staffort was the last place of work for the book printer Albin, whose prints are known from 1581 onwards. He died at the turn of the year 1599/1600. His widow described herself as a printer in 1600, but no further printed works are known. The second edition of the "Glaubens-Bekanntnuß" was printed "Auf New übersehen und verbessert" in
Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...
in 1601. The book triggered a huge storm against the margrave in Baden. He had abandoned the foundations of the Baden
Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...
. The resistance in the state was supported by the Lutheran faculty of the
University of Tübingen The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (; ), is a public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The University of Tübingen is one of eleven German Excellenc ...
with counter-writings, which on the other hand described him as a "fundamentally learned gentleman". Resistance was particularly strong in
Pforzheim Pforzheim () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany. It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the ...
, especially as the citizens there did not want to accept the relocation of the residence to Durlach and the loss of tax privileges. When the margrave set out to resolve the confused situation by force if necessary, he died at Remchingen Castle on April 14, 1604, before achieving his goal. Under his successor Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach, the old church order of 1556 was reinstated in full. The Baden church union only came about in 1821, after the Calvinist denomination had become widespread in Baden due to the immigration of Huguenots ( Neureut, Stutensee-Friedrichstal) and the
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss The ' (formally the ', or "Principal Conclusion of the Extraordinary Imperial Delegation"), sometimes referred to in English as the Final Recess or the Imperial Recess of 1803, was a resolution passed by the ' (Imperial Diet) of the Holy Roman Em ...
. The Staffort book thus initiated a discussion that only led to the union of the Protestant Christians in Baden 222 years later. To mark the 200th anniversary of the church union in Baden, the Staffort Book was translated into the current language by theologian Holger Müller and published by Klotz Verlagshaus. The ''Staffort Book'' was presented to an international delegation in English by Manfred G. Raupp at the 2022 General Assembly of the
World Council of Churches The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide Christian inter-church organization founded in 1948 to work for the cause of ecumenism. Its full members today include the Assyrian Church of the East, most jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodo ...
in Karlsruhe and a plaque indicating the printing location of the book was unveiled by Prelate Traugott Schächtele.'' The Staffort Book, Baden between Calvin and Luther'', Klotz Verlagshaus Neulingen 2022, ISBN 978-3-949763-04-5


Literature

* ''Christlichs Bedenken und erhebliche wohlfundierte Motiven Deß Durchleuchtigen Hochgebornen Fürsten, Herrn Friederichen Marggraven zu Baden und Hochberg etc. welche ihre Fürstliche Gnaden bis dahero von der Subcription der Formulä Concordiä abgehalten, auch nachmalen dieselbe zu unterschreiben Bedenken, haben, sambt Ihre Fürstlichen Gnaden Confession und Bekanntnuß über etliche von den Evangelischen Theologen erweckte strittige Artikel.'' Getruckt in Ihrer F. G. Schloß Staffort Durch Bernhardt Albin M.D.XCIX
Digitalisat der BSB München
* ''Kurtze vnd Einfeltige ausser Gottes Wort vnd der Alten Rechtglaubigen Kirchen gestelte Bekandtnuß, Nach welcher, alß nach einer Richtschnur, die Kirchen vnd Schuldiener der Marggraffschafft Baden, sich in den Artickeln, so in diesen zeiten, zwischen den jenigen, die sich zur Augspurgischen Confession bekennen, Controuertirent vnd strittig sein … im lehren, zuuerhalten haben'', Staffort 159
Google-Digitalisat
* Werner Baumann: ''Das Staffortsche Buch. Ernst Friedrichs Tod.'' In: Werner Baumann: ''Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach. Die Bedeutung der Religion für Leben und Politik eines süddeutschen Fürsten im Zeitalter der Gegenreformation'' (= ''Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg.'' Reihe B: ''Forschungen.'' Band 20). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962, S. 156–171. * Johannes Ehmann: ''Geschichte der Evangelischen Kirche in Baden.'' Band 1: ''Reformatorische Bewegungen im Südwesten des Reichs (1518–1557): Von Luthers Heidelberger Disputation bis zum Augsburger Frieden und seinen Nachwirkungen.'' Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2018; Band 2: ''Die Geschichte der Markgrafschaft.'' Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2021. * Johannes Ehmann, Gottfried Gerner-Wolfhard (Hrsg.): ''Vereinigte Evangelische Landeskirche in Baden 1821–2021. Geschichte, Gottesdienste, Gemeinde.'' Neulingen 2020, ISBN 978-3-948968-01-4. * Wilhelm Otto Hauck: ''Staffort – Schloß und Dorf an der steten Furt.'' Gemeinde Stutensee 1993. * Volker Leppin ''Der Kampf des Markgrafen Ernst Friedrich von Baden um sein Bekenntnis und der Widerstand in Pforzheim'' und im Anhang ''Bekenntnis Markgraf Ernst Friedrichs'' in Reformierte Spuren in Baden (= ''Veröffentlichungen des Vereins für Kirchengeschichte in der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Baden.'' Band 57). ISBN 3-87210-912-X. * Leon F. Raupp, Manfred G. Raupp: ''Das Schloss zu Staffort, Druckort des Stafforter Buches.'' Stutensee und Lörrach 2021, ISBN 978-3-945046-20-3. * Udo Wennemuth: ''450 Jahre Reformation in Baden und Kurpfalz.'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-17-020722-6. * Marlis Zeus: ''Das Bürkleskreuz in Singen.'' In: ''Die Löbliche Singergesellschaft von 1501 Pforzheim und andere Geschichten aus der Markgrafschaft Baden.'' Selbstverlag, Pforzheim 2001, ISBN 3-00-008225-5 (mit den Themen ''Das „Stafforter Buch“ und die Folgen'', ''Warum die Drucklegung in Staffort?'' und ''Der Streit mit den Pforzheimer Protestanten''). * Gunter Zimmermann: ''Das „Staffortsche Buch“ als Einführung in die reformierte Theologie.'' In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für geschichtliche Landeskunde am Oberrhein e. V., 431. Protokoll über die Tagung „Konfession und Politik in Baden um 1600 Tagung zum 400. Todestag des Markgrafen Ernst Friedrich von Baden (1560–1604)“ in Karlsruhe-Durlach. * Holger Müller, Johannes Ehmann und Manfred G. Raupp: ''Das Stafforter Buch, Baden zwischen Calvin und Luther'', J.S. Klotz Verlagshaus Neulingen 2021, ISBN 978-3-948968-55-7 ** English Version: ''The Staffort Book, Baden between Calvin and Luther'', Klotz Verlagshaus Neulingen 2022, ISBN 978-3-949763-04-5; available online a
Staffort Book as PDF-Version


References


External links

{{Wikisource, Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach#Stafforter Buch
Das Staffort Book on the Page of the German National Library

Staffort Book online PDF Version in Klotz Verlagshaus Germany
1599 books 1599 in Christianity Translations into English