The city of Stadtlohn ( nds, Stadlaun), which has 20,746 inhabitants (Dec. 2020),
Stadt Stadtlohn, accessed 24 July 2021. is located in the western Münsterland in the northwest of North Rhine-Westphalia and is a district town of Borken in the Münster administrative district. The River Berkel flows through the city on its way to the Netherlands.

Geography

Division of the town

Stadtlohn consists of 9 districts: * Stadtlohn *Almsick * Büren * Estern * Hengeler * Hordt * Hundewick * Wendfeld * Wenningfeld

History

The town was founded as Lohn by Liudger, the first

Bishop of Münster A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

about the year 800. About 985 Gescher was split from ''Lohn'', which in turn (1231) split into

Südlohn Südlohn is a municipality in the district of Borken in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located right at the border with the Netherlands, approx. 10 km east of Winterswijk. It consists of the villages Süd ...

(literally "South-Lohn") and ''Nordlohn'' (literally "North-Lohn"). The name Stadtlohn (literally "Town-Lohn") is first mentioned in 1389 after the small town ''Nordlohn'' was secured by a

moat A moat is a deep, broad ditch, either dry or filled with water, that is dug and surrounds a castle, fortification, building or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. In some places moats evolved into more extensive ...

, a

defensive wall A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications with towers, bastions and gates ...

and gates and gained the town rights. About 1406 Stadtlohn was burned down by Count Heinrich I of Solms-Ottenstein because he feuded with the bishop of Münster. Bishop Heinrich III of Münster verified its town rights in 1491. In 1584 Stadtlohn was pillaged by the troops of Duke Ernest of Bavaria and again in 1588 by Dutch soldiers. In 1591 Spanish soldiers attacked the town. For a few months of 1598 Spanish troops were stationed in the town during the

Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) ( c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Refo ...

. In 1611 a serious fire destroyed 225 of 235 houses. On August 6, 1623 during the Thirty Years' War the Battle of Stadtlohn (German: ''Schlacht im Lohner Brook'') saw Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly's imperial troops victorious over Duke Christian of Brunswick's men. About 6.000 soldiers died that day. In 1742 regular pilgrimages started to a statue of Mary in a small chapel in Stadtlohn from various towns in the ''Münsterland''. The adoration of the Virgin Mary ended in 1886 when the statue was stolen from the Hilgenbergchapel. In World War II, Stadtlohn was hit by bombs as early as 1940 and 1942, but the damage was limited. In March 1945, however, Stadtlohn was affected by two massive allied airstrikes that destroyed 86% of the town. About 600 inhabitants lost their lives. On March 31, 1945 British forces marched into the town.

Sights

* Former Jewish Cemetery in the town center. Close by there is a sightworthy commemorative plaque in ''Hagenstrasse'' street reminding on the synagogue which was destroyed in 1938. * Former pilgrimage chapel ''Marienkapelle'' on Hilgenberg hill. * Saint Otger Church, rebuilt after the war. * Town Hall, destroyed in 1945 and rebuilt in 1953. * Hünenburg * Dicke Eiche

Museums

* Railroadmuseum Stadtlohn * SIKU Toy-car Museum

Sports clubs

Stadtlohn has 2 sports clubs. The SUS Stadtlohn has the most members (approx. 3700 members), followed by the DJK Eintracht Stadtlohn.

International relations

Stadtlohn is

twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...

with: *

Weerselo Weerselo is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is a part of the municipality of Dinkelland, and lies about 6 km northwest of Oldenzaal. Weerselo was a separate municipality until 2001 when it became a part of Dinkelland. Overv ...

, Netherlands * San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy * Altlandsberg, Germany

Notable people

* Ingrid Laubrock (born 1970), jazz musician * Bernhard Rothmann (1495–after 1535), reformer and an

Anabaptist Anabaptism (from New Latin language, Neo-Latin , from the Greek language, Greek : 're-' and 'baptism', german: Täufer, earlier also )Since the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term (translation: "Re- ...

leader File:Stadtlohn, kerk foto6 2012-04-30 10.19.JPG, Church: Sankt Otger Kirche File:Hilgenbergkapelle.JPG, Former pilgrimage chapel ''Marienkapelle''. File:StadtlohnCemetery.jpg, Former Jewish Cemetery. File:StadtlohnSynagogue.jpg, Commemorative plaque reminding on the synagogue. File:Lohn familycrest.svg, Lohn family crest

References

External links

*
Detailed map of Stadtlohn, including pictures
{{Authority control Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia Borken (district) Holocaust locations in Germany