This is a list of

stadtholder In the Low Countries, a stadtholder ( ) was a steward, first appointed as a medieval official and ultimately functioning as a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and ...

s (, ) or governors () in the Low Countries, or historical Netherlands region. This includes all the territories in the

Low Countries The Low Countries (; ), historically also known as the Netherlands (), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower Drainage basin, basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Bene ...

that were acquired by the

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful Dynasty, dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout ...

in the 15th and 16th century and were politically united as the

Habsburg Netherlands Habsburg Netherlands were the parts of the Low Countries that were ruled by sovereigns of the Holy Roman Empire's House of Habsburg. This rule began in 1482 and ended for the Northern Netherlands in 1581 and for the Southern Netherlands in 1797. ...

, then known as the "

Seventeen Provinces The Seventeen Provinces were the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e., what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of the France, French Departments of Franc ...

". It also includes non-Habsburg territories, such as the

Prince-Bishopric of Liège The Prince-Bishopric of Liège or Principality of Liège was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that was situated for the most part in present-day Belgium. It was an Imperial Estate, so the bishop of Liège, as ...

(until 1794), the

Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy The Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, also Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy, sometimes known with its German name Stablo, was an Hochstift, ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Princely power was exercised by the Order of Sai ...

(until 1794), the Prince-Bishopric of Cambrésis and the Imperial City of Cambray (until 1678), the

Principality of Sedan The Principality of Sedan ( French: ''Principauté de Sedan'') was an independent Protestant state centered on the Château de Sedan (now the city of Sedan) in the Ardennes. It was ruled by the Prince of Sedan ( French: ''Prince de Sedan'') ...

(until 1651), the

Duchy of Bouillon The Duchy of Bouillon () was a duchy comprising Bouillon and adjacent towns and villages in present-day Belgium. The state originated in the 10th century as property of the Lords of Bouillon, owners of Bouillon Castle. Crusader Godfrey of Bou ...

(until 1795), and the

Duchy of Jülich The Duchy of Jülich (; ; ) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the Rhine river and was bordered by the Electorate of Cologne to the east and the Duchy of Limburg to the wes ...

(until 1795).

Background

The stadtholders or governors were appointed from the ranks of the high nobility, and acted as deputies of a monarch, such as the

dukes of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the Crown lands of France, French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman E ...

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

and

Guelders The Duchy of Guelders (; ; ) is a historical duchy, previously county, of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries. Geography The duchy was named after the town of Geldern (''Gelder'') in present-day Germany. Though the present pr ...

, the

kings of Spain This is a list of monarchs of Spain, a dominion started with the dynastic union of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The regnal numbers follow those of the rulers of Asturias, León, and Castile. ...

, or the

archdukes of Austria From 976 until 1246, the Margraviate of Austria and its successor, the Duchy of Austria, was ruled by the House of Babenberg. At that time, those states were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1246 until 1918, the duchy and its successor, the Ar ...

. During the

Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (; 1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish Empire, Spanish government. The Origins of the Eighty Years' War, causes of the w ...

, the States(-General) of provinces which rebelled against the Spanish crown started appointing their own stadtholders, establishing a symbiotic relationship between States and stadtholders in what would become the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

. Throughout the war, some areas had two stadtholders: those appointed by the Habsburgs, and those appointed by the States in revolt.

By county, duchy, and lordship

County of Artois

The

County of Artois The County of Artois (, , ) was a historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659. Present-day Artois lies in northern France, near ...

() was a province of

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659. Through the

Burgundian treaty of 1548 The Burgundian treaty of 1548 (ratified on 26 June), also known as the Transaction of Augsburg, settled the status of the Habsburg Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire. History Essentially the work of Viglius van Aytta, it represents a first ...

, it was made part of the Habsburg Netherlands (Seventeen Provinces) until 1659, when it was reincorportated into France. In Habsburg service: * 1500–1504:

Engelbert II of Nassau Engelbert II of Nassau, ''Engelbrecht'' in Dutch (17 May 1451 – 31 May 1504), was count of Nassau and Vianden and lord of Breda, Lek, Diest, Roosendaal, Nispen and Wouw. He was a soldier and courtier, for some time leader of the Privy cou ...

, count of Nassau-Breda * 1506–1513:

James II of Luxemburg-Fiennes James may refer to: People * James (given name) * James (surname) * James (musician), aka Faruq Mahfuz Anam James, (born 1964), Bollywood musician * James, brother of Jesus * King James (disambiguation), various kings named James * Prince Jame ...

, lord of Fiennes * 15??–1524:

Ferry of Croÿ A ferry is a boat or ship that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A small passenger ferry with multiple stops, like those in Venice, Italy, is sometimes referred to as a water taxi or water bus. ...

, lord van Roeulx * 1524–1553:

Adrian of Croÿ Adrian is a form of the Latin given name Adrianus or Hadrianus. Its ultimate origin is most likely via the former river Adria from the Venetic and Illyrian word ''adur'', meaning "sea" or "water". The Adria was until the 8th century BC the main ...

, count of Roeulx * 1553–1558:

Pontus of Lalaing Pontus or Pontos may refer to: * Short Latin name for the Pontus Euxinus, the Greek name for the Black Sea (aka the Euxine sea) * Pontus (mythology), a sea god in Greek mythology * Pontus (region), on the southern coast of the Black Sea, in modern ...

, lord of Bugnicourt,
Relations des ambassadeurs vénitiens sur Charles-quint et Philippe II
' (1847) 86. * 1559–1568:

Lamoral, Count of Egmont Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Prince of Gavere (18 November 1522 – 5 June 1568) was a general and statesman in the Habsburg Netherlands, Spanish Netherlands just before the start of the Eighty Years' War, whose execution helped spark the national up ...

, prince of Gavre * 1568–1571: ''none'' (?) * 1571–1578?:

Ferdinand of Lannoy Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, ventu ...

, duke of Bojano * 1578–1579:

Gilles van Berlaymont Gilles van Berlaymont (c. 1545 – 18 June 1579 in Maastricht) was stadtholder for the Spanish Crown of Drenthe, Friesland, Groningen and Overijssel (1572–1573), stadtholder of Guelders (1572–1577), substitute stadtholder of Holland ...

, lord of Hierges * 1579–1597?: Florent de Berlaymont, count of Lalaing and Berlaymont * 1597–1610:

Charles III de Croÿ Charles III de Croÿ (1 July 1560 – 12 January 1612) was Seigneur de Croÿ, 4th Duke of Aarschot, 5th Prince of Chimay and 5th Count of Beaumont, Belgium, Beaumont. He played an important role on both sides of the Dutch Revolt. He was an avid co ...

, prince of Chimay * 1610–1624:

Lamoral, Prince of Ligne Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne (19 July 1563, in Château de Belœil – 6 February 1624, in Brussels) was a diplomat in the 17th century. Early life Lamoral, Count and after 1601 first Prince de Ligne and Prince d'Épinoy, was the son of Ph ...

Duchy of Brabant

The

Duchy of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant, a Imperial State, state of the Holy Roman Empire, was established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant of 1085–1183, and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries. The Duchy comprised part of the Bu ...

had no stadtholder, since the governor-general administered this region directly from Brussels. William of Orange once proposed to appoint a kind of stadtholder (he called it ''superintendent'') to be able to persuade the

States of Brabant The States of Brabant were the representation of the three estates (nobility, clergy and commons) to the court of the Duke of Brabant. The three estates were also called the States. Supported by the economic strength of the cities Antwerp, Bruss ...

to obey, because without the stadtholder the States could act too independently. He implied that he himself would be a good candidate for the office. However, his proposal was rejected by

Granvelle Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (20 August 151721 September 1586), Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, typically known as Cardinal Granvelle in English, was a Burgundian statesman, made a cardinal, who followed his father as a leading minister of th ...

. At the Entry of William of Orange to Brussels in September 1577, Orange did receive the medieval title of ''ruwaard'' from the hands of the States of Brabant, which came down to a stadtholdership, but mainly had symbolic value.

Prince-Bishopric of Cambrai

Although the Prince-Bishopric of Cambrai () or

Cambrésis Cambrésis (, , ) is a former ''pagus'' and county of the medieval Holy Roman Empire, which constituted the Prince-Bishopric of Cambrai from the 11th to the 18th centuries. It was annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1679. It is now regarded as one ...

was not formally part of the Habsburg Netherlands but was sovereign and directly under the emperor, the emperor was also always from the House of Habsburg, and the city of Cambrai had had a Spanish garrison as its occupation since 1543. The Spanish Habsburgs therefore appointed governors (stadtholders) over Cambrai who were not answerable to the prince-bishop residing in Le Cateau-Cambrésis. ;In Habsburg service * 1566–1574:

Philip of Noircarmes Philippe René Nivelon Louis de Sainte-Aldegonde, Lord of Noircarmes (c. 1530 – Utrecht, 5 March 1574) was a statesman and soldier from the Habsburg Netherlands in the service of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Philip II of Spain. He gained ...

* 1574–1576: Philip of Récourt, baron of Licques (Liques), viscount of Lens. ''Taken captive and deposed by Baudouin de Gavre in 1576.'' ;In States-General service * 1576–1581: Baudouin de Gavre, lord of Inchy, ''conquered Cambrai and was appointed commander/governor/stadtholder of Cambrai in the service of the States-General''. * 1589: ''Cambrai conquered by the French'' ;In French service * 1594–1595: Jean de Moltluc, lord of Balagny (on behalf of the king of France) * 1595: Siege of Cambrai (1595), ''Balagny capitulated on 9 October 1595 and the city fell back into Spanish hands.'' ;In Habsburg service * 1617–1630:

Carlos Coloma Don Carlos II Coloma y de Saa, knight of Santiago, 1st Marquess of Espinar (Alicante, 9 February 1566 – 23 November 1637, Madrid) was a Spanish military commander, diplomat and author. He is also known as a translator of Tacitus. Family Col ...

, previously governor of

Roussillon Roussillon ( , , ; , ; ) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and French Cerdagne, part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is part of the region of ' ...

(1600–1611) and viceroy of

Majorca Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain, and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, seventh largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The capital of the island, Palma, Majorca, Palma, i ...

(1611–1617) * 1630–16??: Juan Carlos de Guzman, Marquis of Fuentès * Siege of Cambrai (1677): ''French forces took control of Cambrai. By the 1678–9

Treaties of Nijmegen The Treaties or Peace of Nijmegen (; ; ) were a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Nijmegen between August 1678 and October 1679. The treaties ended various interconnected wars among France, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Brandenburg, Sw ...

, France annexed Cambrésis.'' ;In French service * 168?–168?: François de Montbion * 1741–1750?: Lodewijk Pieter Engelbert van der Marck

County of Drenthe

;In Habsburg service: * 1536–1540:

Georg Schenck van Toutenburg Georg Schenck van Toutenburg (German - ''Georg Schenk von Tautenburg'') (1480 – 2 February 1540) was Stadhouder of Friesland (1521-1540). Later he was also Stadholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen. His son Frederick was the firs ...

* 1540–1548: Maximilian of Egmont * 1549–1568:

Jean de Ligne Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean ...

, count of Arenberg * 1568–1572:

Charles de Brimeu Charles de Brimeu (1524 or 1525 – 1572 in Zwolle) was the last count of Megen, Meghem, lord of Humbercourt, of Houdain and Éperlecques. He was grandson of Guy of Brimeu, who was beheaded in Ghent. He became the last ceremonial Hereditary Marsha ...

, count of Megen * 1572–1574: Gillis of Berlaymont * 1574–1576:

Caspar de Robles Gaspar de Robles (1527, Madrid, Spain – 1585, Antwerp) was Stadholder of Friesland and Groningen at the beginning of the Eighty Years' War (reign: 1568 to 1576). Family Robles was the son of Doña María de Leyte, probably the wet nurse for ...

, lord of Billy * 1576–1580: ''none; province in States-General control'' * 1580–1581:

George de Lalaing George de Lalaing count Rennenberg (c. 1550 – 23 July 1581), was stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel in the service of Philip II of Spain from 1577 to 1581. The Lalaing family came from Hainaut and had a tradition of go ...

, count of Rennenberg * 1581–1594:

Francisco Verdugo Francisco Verdugo (1537–1595), Spanish military commander in the Dutch Revolt, became ''Maestre de Campo General,'' in the Spanish Netherlands. He was also the last Spanish Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel between 1581 ...

* 1595–1618:

Frederik van den Bergh Frederik van den Bergh (18 August 1559 – 3 September 1618) was a soldier in the Eighty Years' War. His titles included Lord of Boxmeer. Life Frederik van den Bergh was born in Ulft. He first fought on the Dutch side of the conflict. In 1582 he w ...

, in name only ;In States-General service * 1576–1580:

* 1580–1584: William "the Silent" of Orange, prince of Orange (''de facto'')After the 'Treason of Rennenberg' (3 March 1580), Orange became ''de facto'' stadtholder of the northern regions on behalf of the States-General; in fact, however, the States had no authority over Groningen and Drenthe in these years. * 1584–1596: ''gnone; province in Spanish control'',
De Stadhouders van Drenthe, hunne magt en staatsregterlijke verhouding tot de landschap
' (1867) 4-6. * 1593/6–1620: William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg * 1620–1625:

Maurice, Prince of Orange Maurice of Orange (; 14 November 1567 – 23 April 1625) was ''stadtholder'' of all the provinces of the Dutch Republic except for Lordship of Frisia, Friesland from 1585 at the earliest until his death on 23 April 1625. Before he became P ...

* 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz * 1632–1640:

Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz (21 January 1612 – 13 July 1640) was count of Nassau-Dietz and Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe. Life He was born in Arnhem, the eldest son of Ernst Casimir of Nassau-Dietz and Sophia He ...

* 1640–1647:

Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange Frederick Henry (; 29 January 1584 – 14 March 1647) was the sovereign prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from his older half-brother's death on 23 April 1625 until his ...

* 1647–1650:

William II, Prince of Orange William II (Dutch language, Dutch: ''Willem II''; 27 May 1626 – 6 November 1650) was sovereign Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Lordship of Utrecht, Utrecht, Guelders, Lordship of Ove ...

* 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz * 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz * 1696–1702:

William III, Prince of Orange William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Lordship of Utrecht, Utrec ...

* 1702–1722: ''

Second Stadtholderless Period In Dutch historiography, the Second Stadtholderless Period () refers to the period between the death of stadtholder William III on 19 March 1702, and the appointment of William IV as stadtholder and captain general in all provinces of the Dutch ...

'' * 1722–1751:

William IV, Prince of Orange William IV (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751) was Prince of Orange from birth and the first hereditary stadtholder of all the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 1747 until his death in 1751. During his who ...

* 1751–1795:

William V, Prince of Orange William V (Willem Batavus; 8 March 1748 – 9 April 1806) was Prince of Orange and the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. He went into exile to London in 1795. He was furthermore ruler of the Principality of Orange-Nassau until his death in ...

County of Flanders

;In Habsburg service: * 1490–1506:

, count of Nassau-Breda * 1506–1513:

, lord of Fiennes * 1513–1517: ? * 1517–1532:

, lord of Fiennes * 1532–1540: ''Stadtholderless period'' (office temporarily suspended due to concerns of political power) * 1540–1553:

, count of Roeulx * 1553–1558:

, lord of Bugnicourt * 1559–1568:

, prince of Gavre * 1568–1572: ''none'' (?) * 1572–1577: * 1577–1584: ''none'' (?); ''province in States-General control (

Calvinist Republic of Ghent The Calvinist Republic of Ghent was a Calvinist republic that existed between 1577 and 1584 in the County of Flanders, Flemish independent city of Ghent. Background During the Middle Ages Ghent became an important economic center in the County of F ...

)'' In States-General service: * 1577:

Philippe III de Croÿ Philippe de Croÿ, 3rd Duke of Aarschot, 4th Prince of Chimay, Count of Porcean (Valenciennes, 10 July 1526Venice, 11 December 1595), was Stadtholder of Flanders, and inherited the estates of the ancient and wealthy family of Croÿ. Becoming a s ...

, duke of Aarschot * 1577–1583: ''none'' (?); ''province in States-General control (

)'' * 1583–1584:

, prince of Chimay, duke of Aarschot

Lordship of Frisia

* 1515–1518:

Floris van Egmont Floris van Egmond (ca. 1470 – 25 October 1539) was count of Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein and Sint Maartensdijk. He was stadtholder of Guelders (1507–1511) and Friesland (1515–1518) Floris was the son of Frederik van Egmond a ...

, Count of Buren * 1518–1521:

Wilhelm von Roggendorf Wilhelm Freiherr von Roggendorf (1481 – 25 August 1541) was an Austrian military commander and Hofmeister (office), Hofmeister. He was a son of , and thus member of the ancient family from Styria, which ruled in Lower Austria since the middle o ...

* 1522:

Jancko Douwama Jancko Douwama was a Frisian nobleman who fought to free Friesland from foreign rule during the Vetkopers and Schieringers conflict, the Saxon feud and the Guelders Wars. Biography He was born around 1482 into a Vetkoper 'hoofdelingen' or 'unt ...

, Frisian rebel * 1521–1540: Georg Schenck van Tautenburg * 1548–1559:

Maximiliaan van Egmond Maximiliaan of Egmont (1509 – 24 December1548) was Count of Buren and Leerdam, and Stadtholder of Friesland (succeeding George Schenck) from 1540 until 1548. He was the son of Floris van Egmont whom he succeeded as count after his father's dea ...

, Count of Buren * 1559–1568: Jean de Ligne, Count of Arenberg * 1568–1572:

, Count of Megen * 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont, Lord of Hierges * 1574–1576:

* 1576–1581:

George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg George de Lalaing count Rennenberg (c. 1550 – 23 July 1581), was stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel in the service of Philip II of Spain from 1577 to 1581. The Lalaing family came from Hainaut and had a tradition of go ...

, in the service of Phillip II * 1581–1594:

, in the service of Phillip II * 1580–1584:

William I, Prince of Orange William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is ...

* 1584–1620:

William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg (; ; 13 March 1560, Dillenburg, Hesse – 13 July 1620, Leeuwarden, Netherlands) was Count of Nassau-Dillenburg from 1606 to 1620, and stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe. Life Will ...

* 1620–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz * 1632–1640:

* 1640–1664:

William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz William Frederick (; Arnhem 7 August 1613 – Leeuwarden 31 October 1664), was Count (from 1654 Imperial Prince) of Nassau-Dietz, Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe. Biography Family life William Frederick was the second son of Er ...

* 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz * 1696–1711:

John William Friso, Prince of Orange John William Friso (; 14 August 1687 – 14 July 1711) became the (titular) Prince of Orange in 1702. He was the Stadtholder of Lordship of Frisia, Friesland and Lordship of Groningen, Groningen in the Dutch Republic. He also served in the Dutch ...

* 1711–1747:

Lordship of Groningen

* 1519–1522: Cristoffel van Meurs * 1522–1530: * 1530–1536:

Charles of Guelders Charles II (9 November 1467 – 30 June 1538) was a member of the House of Egmond who ruled as Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen from 1492 until his death. He had a principal role in the Frisian peasant rebellion and the Guelders Wars. Lif ...

* 1536: Ludolf Coenders * 1536–1540:

* 1540–1548:

* 1549–1568:

Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (c. 1525 – 1568) was Baron of Barbançon, founder of the House of Arenberg and stadtholder of the Dutch provinces of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel from 1549 until his death. Life Jean was the son ...

* 1568–1572:

* 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1574–1576:

* 1576–1581:

* 1581–1594:

* 1594–1620:

* 1620–1625:

* 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz * 1632–1640:

* 1640–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz * 1664–1673:

Albertine Agnes of Nassau Albertine Agnes of Nassau (9 April 1634 – 26 May 1696), was the regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe during the minority of her son Henry Casimir II, Count of Nassau-Dietz, between 1664 and 1679.Geert H. Janssen, Albertine Agnes van O ...

, regentess for Hendrick Casimir II * 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz * ''1696–1707: Henriette Amalia von Anhalt, regentess for Johan Willem Friso'' * 1696–1711:

* ''1711–1729: Marie Louise von Hessen-Kassel, regentess for William IV'' * 1711–1747:

Duchy of Guelders

* 1473–1475:

William IV of Egmont William IV of Egmont (''Dutch'': Willem van Egmond) (26 January 1412 – 19 January 1483) was Lord of Egmond, IJsselstein, Schoonderwoerd and Haastrecht and Stadtholder of Guelders. Biography William was a son of John II, Lord of Egmond and Ma ...

* 1475–1476: William V of Egmont * 1474–1477:

Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay (November 1436 – Bruges, 14 September 1482), count of Chimay, Lord of Quiévrain, was a noble from the House of Croÿ, in the service of the Dukes of Burgundy. Life Philip was the eldest son of Jean II de Croÿ, confid ...

* 1480–1481: William V of Egmont * 1481–1492:

Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein Count Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (by a different way of counting: ''Adolf IV''; 10 November 1443 – 6 July 1511) was a son of Count John II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, John II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and his wife Mary of Nas ...

* 1492–1504: ''Guelders independent'' * 1504–1505:

John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen Count John V of Nassau-SiegenIn many sources he is called John V of Nassau(-Dillenburg). His official titles were Count of Nassau, Vianden and Diez, Lord of Breda. It is incorrect to refer to him as the only reigning Count of Nassau, b ...

* 1505–1507: Philip of Burgundy * 1507–1511:

Floris van Egmond Floris van Egmond (ca. 1470 – 25 October 1539) was count of Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein and Sint Maartensdijk. He was stadtholder of Guelders (1507–1511) and Friesland (1515–1518) Floris was the son of Frederik van Egmond an ...

* 1511–1543: ''Guelders independent'' * 1543–1544:

René of Châlon René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...

* 1544–1555: Philip de Lalaing * 1555–1560: Philip de Montmorency * 1560–1572: Karel van Brimeu * 1572–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1578–1581:

Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg Count John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg (22 November 1536 – 8 October 1606) was the second son of William the Rich and the younger brother of William the Silent. He has a special place in the history of the Netherlands because he is the male-l ...

* 1581–1585: William IV of Bergh * 1585–1587:

Claude de Berlaymont Claude de Berlaymont (or Claudius van Barlaymont), lord of Haultpenne (ca. 1550 – 14 July 1587), was a Flemish military commander in Spain's Army of Flanders during the Eighty Years' War. Family He was the seventh and last son of count Charles d ...

* 1587–1626: Florent de Berlaymont * 1584–1589:

Adolf van Nieuwenaar Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Count of Limburg and Moers (also: Adolf von Neuenahr) ( – 18 October 1589) was a statesman and soldier, who was stadtholder of Overijssel, Guelders and Utrecht for the States-General of the Netherlands during the Eight ...

* 1590–1625:

* 1625–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1675: ''

First Stadtholderless Period The First Stadtholderless Period (1650–72; ) was the period in the history of the Dutch Republic in which the office of Stadtholder was vacant in five of the seven Dutch provinces (the provinces of Friesland and Groningen (province), Groningen, ...

'' * 1675–1702:

* 1702–1722: ''

'' * 1722–1747:

Upper Guelders

* 1502–1522: Reinier of Guelders * 1522–1543: ''Occupation by the Habsburgs'' * 1543–1579: ''No stadtholder'' * 1579–1589: Jan van Argenteau * 1589–1592: Marcus de Rye de la Palud * 1592–1593: Charles of Ligne * 1593–1611:

Herman van den Bergh Herman, Count van den Bergh (2 August 1558 in Huis Bergh, 's-Heerenberg, Gelderland – 12 August 1611 in Spa) was a Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War, knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and stadtholder of Spanish Guelders. Life In ...

* 1611–1618:

* 1618–1632: Hendrik van den Bergh * 1632–1637: ''Occupation by the Dutch Republic'' * 1640–1646: Willem Bette * 1646–1652: Jan Koenraard van Aubremont * 1652–1680: Filips Balthasar van Gendt * 1680–1699:

Johan Frans Desideratus of Nassau-Siegen John Francis Desideratus (28 July 1627 – 17 December 1699) was count of Nassau-Siegen and stadtholder of Duchy of Limburg, Limburg and Upper Guelders. Life John Francis Desideratus was the only son of Count John VIII of Nassau-Siegen, who ...

* 1699–1702:

Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes, Prince of Overisque, Count of Solre-le-Château (31 August 1661 in Condé-sur-l'Escaut, Condé – 14 October 1718 in Bailleul, Somme), was the son of Eugene Maximilian, Prince of Hornes and Princess Anne Mar ...

County of Hainaut

* 1477–1482: Adolph of Cleves * 1482–1511:

Philip I de Croÿ Philip I de Croÿ (1435–1511) was Seigneur de Croÿ and Count of Porcéan. Philip I was a legitimate heir to the powerful House of Croÿ. He was the eldest surviving son of Antoine de Croÿ, Comte de Porcéan and Margaret of Lorraine-Vaudémon ...

* 1511–1521:

Charles I de Croÿ Charles I de Croÿ (1455–1527), Count and later 1st Prince of Chimay, was a nobleman and politician from the Low Countries in the service of the House of Habsburg. Early life Charles was born into the House of Croÿ as the eldest son of Philip ...

* 1521–1549:

Philip II de Croÿ Philip, also Phillip, is a male name derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularized the n ...

* 1549–1558:

Charles II de Lalaing Charles II of Lalaing (1506 in Lallaing? – 23 November 1558 in Brussels) was Count of Lalaing, Lord of Escornaix and stadtholder of the County of Hainaut. Family He was the eldest son of Charles I de Lalaing (died 1525) and Jacqueline of L ...

* 1558–1560:

* 1560–1566:

John IV of Glymes John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

* 1566–1574:

* 1574–1582: Philip de Lalaing * 1582–1590:

Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing Emanuel Filibert van Lalaing (Valenciennes, May 5, 1557 – Mons December 27, 1590) was a noble and army commander from the Low Countries. Emanuel Philibert was the third son of Charles II de Lalaing and Marie of Montmorency. He was Lord of Montig ...

* 1592–1606:

* 1613–16: Charles Bonaventure de Longueval * 1663–1674: Philippe François de Ligne

County of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht

The stadtholdership of Holland and Zealand has always been combined. Since the office was instituted there in 1528, the stadtholder of Utrecht has been the same as the one of Holland, with one exception. In 1572, William of Orange was elected as the stadtholder, although Philip II had appointed a different one. During the

, the provinces of Holland, Zealand and Utrecht were governed by their States free from autocratic intervention. The

in Holland ended when the Frisian stadtholder became hereditary stadtholder for all provinces of the Dutch Republic. * 1433–1440:

Hugo van Lannoy Hugo van Lannoy ( French: 'Hue' or 'Hugues de Lannoy'; 1384 – 1 May 1456), Lord of Santes, was a Flemish statesman in the service of the Dukes of Burgundy, most notably Philip III who founded the Order of the Golden Fleece. Biography He was a ...

* 1440–1445: Willem van Lalaing * 1445–1448: Gozewijn de Wilde * 1448–1462:

Jean de Lannoy Jean II de Lannoy or Jan van Lannoy (1410–1493), lord of Lannoy, Nord, Lannoy, Lys and Sébourg, was a nobleman from the County of Hainaut who played a prominent role in the politics of the Burgundian Netherlands. Life Jean was a member of the ...

* 1462–1477: Loys of Gruuthuse * 1477–1480: Wolfert VI van Borselen * 1480–1483:

Joost de Lalaing Joost de Lalaing (c. 1437 – 5 August 1483 near Utrecht), lord of Montigny and of Santes, was a noble from Hainaut who filled several important posts in service of the Burgundian Dukes. Life Joost de Lalaing was the eldest son of Simon de ...

* 1483–1515: Jan III van Egmond * 1515–1521:

Henry III of Nassau-Breda Count Henry III of Nassau-Dillenburg-Dietz (12 January 1483 – 14 September 1538), Lord (from 1530 Baron) of Breda, Lord of the Lek, of Dietz, etc. was a count of the House of Nassau. He was born in Siegen, the son of Count John V of Nassau- ...

* 1522–1540:

Antoon I van Lalaing Antoine I de Lalaing (1480–1540), 1st count of Hoogstraten and of Culemborg, was a Hainautese nobleman who held various offices in the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. Life De Lalaing was a son of Joost de Lalaing and Bonne van Viefville. He ...

* 1540–1544:

* 1544–1546: Louis of Flanders * 1547–1558:

Maximilian II of Burgundy Maximilian of Burgundy (1514–1558), marquis of Veere and Lord of Beveren, was a noble from the Low Countries in the service of the Habsburgs. Family Maximilian was the son of Adolf of Burgundy and Anna of Bergen. He was a descendant of Anto ...

* 1559–1567:

* 1567–1573:

Maximilien de Hénin, 3rd Count of Bossu Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard, Count of Boussu (1542 – Antwerp, 21 December 1578) was a soldier and statesman from the Habsburg Netherlands. During the Eighty Years' War he was the royalist stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Prince-Bishop ...

* 1573–1574:

* 1574–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1572–1584:

* 1584–1589:

* 1585–1625:

* 1625–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1672: ''

'' * 1672–1702:

* 1702–1747: ''

Duchy of Jülich

Only one Habsburg stadtholder was ever appointed over the

, when that country was occupied in 1543 at the end of the

Guelders Wars The Guelders Wars (, German: ''Geldrische Erbfolgekriege'') were a series of conflicts in the Low Countries between the Duke of Burgundy, who controlled Holland, Flanders, Brabant, and Hainaut on the one side, and Charles, Duke of Guelders, ...

. However, it soon became clear that Jülich would not become part of the Habsburg Netherlands, but remained in the possession of the

House of La Marck The House of La Marck () was an ancient German nobility, German noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the Counts of Mark. History The family history started with Count Adolf I, Count of the Mark, Adolf I, scion of a cadet branch of th ...

. The stadtholdership was abolished the same year. * 1543:

Philip de Lalaing, 2nd Count of Hoogstraten {{Infobox noble, type , name = Philip de Lalaing , title = 2nd Count of Hoogstraten , image = Philip de Lalaing, Count of Hoogstraten, by Hans Liefrinck I (before 1550).jpg , caption = Philip de ...

Duchy of Luxemburg

* 1451–1475:

Antoine I de Croÿ Antoine I de Croÿ (''the Great'' or ''Le Grand de Croÿ''), Seigneur de Croÿ, Renty and Le Roeulx, Count of Porcéan (c. 1383/1387 – 21 September 1475), was a member of the House of Croÿ. Antoine was the eldest surviving son and heir of ...

* –1511:

* 1545–1552:

Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (20 July 1517 – 25 May 1604) was a Spanish Imperial army commander of German origin and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1592 to 1594. Born in Heldrungen, Saxony, he was the 11th child (of 16) of ...

* 1552–1555:

Maarten van Rossum Maarten van Rossum ( 1478 – June 7, 1555) was a military tactician of the duchy of Guelders who became field marshal in the service of Charles, Duke of Guelders. He was greatly feared outside his home country for the ruthless manner in wh ...

* 1556–1558:

* 1559–1604:

(second time) * 1604–1626: Florent de Berlaymont * 1648–1650:

Philippe François de Croy, Duke of Havré Philippe François de Croy, Vicomte de Langle, Seigneur de Tourcoing (1609–1650), was by marriage Duke of Havré. He was Governor of Luxembourg, and became a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fl ...

* 1654–1675: * 1675–16: John Charles de Landas (acting) * 1680–1684: * 1684–1686: * 1686–1687:

Louis-François de Boufflers Louis François de Boufflers, Duke of Boufflers (10 January 1644 – 22 August 1711), known in his lifetime as Chevalier Boufflers, was a prominent French people, French French army, soldier during the reign of Louis XIV of France. He was fa ...

* 1687–1690:

Nicolas Catinat Nicolas Catinat (, 1 September 1637 – 22 February 1712) was a French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV. Life The son of a magistrate, Catinat was born in Paris on 1 September 1637. He entered the Gardes Française ...

* 1697–1713: * 1727–1734:

Lordship of Overijssel

* 1528–1540:

* 1540–1548:

* 1548–1568:

* 1568–1572:

* 1572–1573: Gillis van Berlaymont * 1573–1576:

* 1576–1581:

* 1581–1594:

* 1594–1618:

* 1584–1589:

* 1590–1625:

* 1625–1647:

* 1647–1650:

* 1650–1675: ''

First Stadtholderless period The First Stadtholderless Period (1650–72; ) was the period in the history of the Dutch Republic in which the office of Stadtholder was vacant in five of the seven Dutch provinces (the provinces of Friesland and Groningen (province), Groningen, ...

'' * 1675–1702:

* 1702–1747: ''

Second Stadtholderless period In Dutch historiography, the Second Stadtholderless Period () refers to the period between the death of stadtholder William III on 19 March 1702, and the appointment of William IV as stadtholder and captain general in all provinces of the Dutch ...

'' * 1747–1751:

* 1751–1795:

Duchy of Limburg

* 1473–1477: Guy of Brimeu, stadtholder-general * 1542–1572:

Johan I of East Frisia Johan I of East Frisia (1506–1572) was a member of the house of Cirksena and a non-reigning Count of East Frisia and later imperial governor of Limburg. His father, Edzard the Great, had introduced primogeniture in the county of East Frisia, so ...

* 1574–1578: Arnold II Huyn van Amstenrade, Lord of Geleen and Eijsden * 1578–1579:

Cristóbal de Mondragón Cristóbal or Cristobal, the Spanish version of Christopher, is a masculine given name and a surname which may refer to: Given name * Cristóbal Balenciaga (1895–1972), Spanish fashion designer * Cristóbal Cobo (born 1976), Chilean academic ...

* 1579–1597: Claude van Wittem van Beersel * 1597–1612: Gaston Spinola * 1612–1620: Maximilian of Saint-Aldegonde * 1620–1624: Charles Emanuel of Gorrevod * 1624–1626: Hermann of Burgundy * 1626–1632: Hugo of Noyelles * 1632–1635: ''Occupation by the Dutch'' * 1635–1640: Willem Bette, baron of Lede * 1640–1647: Jan van Wiltz * 1649–1665: Lancelot Schetz of Grobbendonk * 1665–1684: Johan Frans Desideratus of Nassau–Siegen, * 1685–1702: Henri, 4th Prince of Ligne * 1702–1703: Franz Sigismund of

Thurn und Taxis The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (, ) is a family of German nobility that is part of the ''Briefadel''. It was a key player in the mail, postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and ...

* 1703–1705: Ludwig von Sinzendorf * 1705–1707: Jan Peter de Goës * 1707–1709: Ferdinand Bertrand de Quiros * 1709–1710:

Johann Wenzel von Gallas Johann Wenzel Count of Gallas (23 May 1669 – 25 July 1719), Duke of Lucera, was a Bohemian noble and diplomat and one of the largest landowners in the Holy Roman Empire. Biography Johann Wenzel of Gallas was born on 23 May 1669 in Hořiněve ...

* 1710–1713: Frans Adolf of Sinzerling * 1713: Ludwig von Sinzendorf * 1713–1714: George of Tunderfeld * 1714–1723: Franz Sigismund of

* 1725–1728: Otto of Vehlen * 1728–1754: Wolfgang Willem of Bournonville

Lordship of Mechelen

* 1566–1567: Antoine de Lalaing, 3rd Count of Hoogstraeten in Habsburg service * 29 May 1579: ''Catholic citizen militia expelled Calvinist rebel forces from Mechelen; city governor and military commander Pontus de Noyelles defected to the Habsburg camp.'' * 9 April 1580: ''

English Fury at Mechelen The English Fury at Mechelen or the Capture of Mechelen was an event in the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War on April 9, 1580. The city of Mechelen (known as ''Malines'' in French and historically in English) was conquered by Calvini ...

: Calvinist rebel forces recaptured Mechelen.'' * 15??–1594?: Pierre de Melun, in service of the rebel States-General

County of Namur

In Habsburg service: * 1429–1473:

Jean II de Croÿ Jean II de Croÿ (1390? – Valenciennes, 25 March 1473) was Count of Chimay and progenitor of the line of Croÿ-Solre. Jean belonged to the powerful House of Croÿ. Life Jean was the second surviving son of Jean I de Croÿ and Marie de Cr ...

, lord of Chimay * 1485–1???: John III of Glymes,lord of Bergen op Zoom (fell into disgrace and had to resign) * 1503–1507:

William de Croÿ William II de Croÿ, Lord of Chièvres (1458 – 28 May 1521) (also known as: Guillaume II de Croÿ, sieur de Chièvres in French; Guillermo II de Croÿ, señor de Chièvres, Xevres or Xebres in Spanish; Willem II van Croÿ, heer van Chièvres ...

, lord of Chièvres * 1509–1532: John III of Glymes, lord of Bergen op Zoom (restored to office) * 1532–1541:

Anthony of Glymes Anthony of Glymes or Anton van Bergen, Lord of Grimbergen, Count of Walhain (1500–1541) was the 1st Margrave of Bergen (op Zoom). Family Anthony was the son of John III of Glymes and a grandson of Guy of Brimeu. He was the uncle of Philip I ...

, marquess of Bergen op Zoom * 1541–1545: , lord of Werchin * 1553/4–1578:

Charles de Berlaymont Charles de Berlaymont (c. 1510 in Berlaimont? – 1578 in Namur (city), Namur?) was a leading nobleman in the Low Countries in the 16th century. He was an important counselor of Margaret of Parma, Grand Huntsman of Brabant and generally sided ...

, baron of Hierges * 1578–1579:

, lord of Hierges * 1579–1599?: Florent de Berlaymont, count of Lalaing and Berlaymont * 1599–16??: Charles II of Egmont * 16??–16??: Albert François de Croÿ-Roeulx, count of MegenJean Coenen, ''Baanderheren, boeren en burgers'' (2004) 145.

Tournaisis

;In Habsburg service * 1555–1556: , lord of Werchin * 1559–1570?:

Floris of Montmorency Floris van Montmorency, baron of Montigny (?, 1528 - Simancas, 14 October 1570) was a noble and diplomat from the Spanish Netherlands. He was born as the son of Jozef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont the Elder, and was the y ...

, baron of Montigny * 1581–1588?: Philippe de Récourt, baron de Licques (Liques), castellan of Lens, from 1574 to 1576 governor of Cambrésis ;In States-General service * 15??–1594?: Pierre de Melun, grandson of Peter van Barbançon. During the Siege of Tournai (1581) his wife

Marie-Christine de Lalaing Marie-Christine de Lalaing, or Philippe-Christine de Lalaing, was the daughter of Count Charles II of Lalaing and Marie de Montmorency-Nivelle. She was married to Pierre de Melun, the governor of Tournai. In the absence of her husband, she defe ...

defended the city.

References

Bibliography

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Stadtholders of the Low Countries * Lists of political office-holders in the Netherlands Political history of the Dutch Republic Political history of Belgium Political history of Luxembourg

Background

By county, duchy, and lordship

County of Artois

Duchy of Brabant

Prince-Bishopric of Cambrai

County of Drenthe

County of Flanders

Lordship of Frisia

Lordship of Groningen

Duchy of Guelders

Upper Guelders

County of Hainaut

County of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht

Duchy of Jülich

Duchy of Luxemburg

Lordship of Overijssel

Duchy of Limburg

Lordship of Mechelen

County of Namur

Tournaisis

See also

References

Bibliography