St Cuthbert Without, is a

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...

within the

Cumberland Cumberland ( ) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish ...

unitary authority A unitary authority is a type of local government, local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within its area or performing additional functions that elsewhere are ...

area in

Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancash ...

, England. The parish lies immediately to the south of

Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from ) is a city in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. Carlisle's early history is marked by the establishment of a settlement called Luguvalium to serve forts along Hadrian's Wall in Roman Britain. Due to its pro ...

itself and includes the settlements of Blackwell, Durdar, Carleton, Brisco and Wreay.

History

The parish has its origins in the

ancient parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...

of Carlisle St Cuthbert. The parish was subdivided into nine townships: Botcherby, Botchergate, Brisco, Carleton, English Street, Harraby, High Blackhall, Low Blackhall, and

Upperby Upperby is a former village, now a suburb of Carlisle, Cumbria, Carlisle, in the Cumberland (unitary authority), Cumberland district, in the English county of Cumbria. The ward population taken at the United Kingdom Census 2011, 2011 census was ...

. The English Street township was within the

ancient borough An ancient borough was a historic unit of lower-tier local government in England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the Law of the United Kingdom#Legal jurisdictions, three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the co ...

boundaries of Carlisle, which roughly followed the Carlisle city walls, whereas the rest of the parish was outside (or 'without') the borough. Botchergate was added to the

parliamentary borough A borough is an administrative division in various English language, English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. History ...

(constituency) of Carlisle in 1832, and the

municipal borough A municipal borough was a type of local government Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state. Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of ...

boundaries were adjusted to match the constituency in 1836. From the 17th century onwards, parishes were gradually given various civil functions under the

poor laws The English Poor Laws were a system of poor relief in England and Wales that developed out of the codification of late-medieval and Tudor-era laws in 1587–1598. The system continued until the modern welfare state emerged in the late 1940s. E ...

, in addition to their original ecclesiastical functions. In some cases, including Carlisle St Cuthbert, the civil functions were exercised by subdivisions of the parish rather than the parish as a whole. The parish was split into two parts for administering the poor laws: the English Street township, and the rest of the parish. In 1866, the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws, and so the English Street township became the

of St Cuthbert Within, and the rest of the old parish became a civil parish called St Cuthbert Without. Botchergate, despite having been brought within the borough boundaries in 1836, continued to form part of St Cuthbert Without parish until 1894. The parish boundaries were then adjusted on a number of occasions, mostly ceding further territory to Carlisle. The civil parish of Wreay (which had historically been a township in the parish of Carlisle St Mary) was abolished in 1934 and its area added to St Cuthbert Without. St Mary's Church, Wreay, built in 1842, is notable for its architecture.

Geography

The M6, A6 and West Coast main railway line all run through the parish. The A6 meets the M6 at junction 42 (the Golden Fleece Roundabout) in Carleton. At different times there have been

railway station Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...

s at Wreay and Brisco. The main river in the parish is the River Petteril.

Blackwell

Blackwell () is a village in the parish, just south of Carlisle. Carlisle Racecourse is in the village.

Durdar

Durdar (; postcode district CA2) is a small suburban area based around a crossroads (with a pub the Black Lion, and a petrol station/garage) in the parish, 2 km to the south of the city of Carlisle.

Governance

There are two tiers of local government covering St Cuthbert Without, at parish and

level: St Cuthbert Without Parish Council and Cumberland Council. From 1974 to 2023 the parish was in

district.

References

External links

Cumbria County History Trust: Carlisle : St. Cuthbert Without
(nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Durdar at Streetmap.co.uk
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