St. Trudpert's Abbey
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St. Trudpert's Abbey (Kloster St. Trudpert) is a former
Benedictine The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (, abbreviated as O.S.B. or OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. Initiated in 529, th ...
monastery A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of Monasticism, monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in Cenobitic monasticism, communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a ...
in Münstertal in the southern
Black Forest The Black Forest ( ) is a large forested mountain range in the States of Germany, state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is th ...
,
Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million i ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
, now the principal house of the
Sisters of St. Joseph of St. Trudpert The Sisters of St. Joseph of Saint-Marc (SJSM) are a Roman Catholic congregation of religious sisters, based in the town of Saint-Marc, Alsace, France. History The origins of the Congregation lie in their foundation in 1845 by the Abbé Pierre ...
.


History

According to tradition, St. Trudpert's Abbey originated with Saint Trudpert, an Irish missionary and martyr in the southern Black Forest in the first half of the 7th century. He established a hermitage in Münstertal which became a monastery in the 9th century, and which by, at the latest, 900 had expanded to a monastic community supported by the influential noble family of the Liutfride. It is recorded that
relic In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains or personal effects of a saint or other person preserved for the purpose of veneration as a tangible memorial. Reli ...
s of Trudpert were
translated Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...
to the abbey in 901 and shortly after 965. The abbey's development during the next few centuries seems to have been peaceful: no involvement either in ecclesiastical reform or in the
Investiture Controversy The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (, , ) was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe, the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture), abbots of monasteri ...
is recorded. The community's estates lay principally in the Münstertal, the
Breisgau The Breisgau () is an area in southwest Germany extending along the Rhine River and enveloping portions of the Black Forest. Part of the state of Baden-Württemberg, it centers on the city of Freiburg im Breisgau. The district of Breisgau-Hoch ...
, the
Ortenau The Ortenau (), originally called Mortenau, is a historic region in the present-day German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the right bank of the river Rhine, stretching from the Upper Rhine Plain to the foothill zone of the Black F ...
and in
Alsace Alsace (, ; ) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in the Grand Est administrative region of northeastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine, next to Germany and Switzerland. In January 2021, it had a population of 1,9 ...
. It also acquired the lordship of Tunsel and the parishes of Münstertal, Grunern, Krozingen, Tunsel, Laufen,
Biengen Biengen is a village in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg. Since December 1971, it is an ''Ortsteil'' of Bad Krozingen Bad Krozingen (; Alemannic: ''Bad Chrotzige'') is a spa town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwar ...
and others. The abbey was also able to capitalise on the silver-mining industry that developed in the region in the later Middle Ages, on the basis of which the small town of ''Münster'' grew up below the abbey. In 1346, together with the castle of Burg Scharfenstein, a property of the Staufer (see below), it was destroyed by armed men from
Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau or simply Freiburg is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Its built-up area has a population of abou ...
, and shortly afterwards flooded, from which disasters it never recovered, and was abandoned. The monastery in turn suffered an economic decline in the latter half of the 14th century, apparently during the time of abbot Paul I (1435-1455). In 1525 St. Trudpert's was plundered during the
German Peasants' War The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt () was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising befor ...
. In 1632 it was destroyed by the
Swedes Swedes (), or Swedish people, are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, Culture of Sweden, culture, History of Sweden, history, and Swedish language, language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, ...
during the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
. Around 1200 the lords of Staufen ( :de:Staufen (Adelsgeschlecht)), ''
ministeriales The ''ministeriales'' (singular: ''ministerialis'') were a legally unfree but socially elite class of knights, administrators, and officials in the High Middle Ages in the Holy Roman Empire, drawn from a mix of servile origins, free commoners, and ...
'' of the
dukes of Zähringen Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ...
and unrelated to the Hohenstaufen, acquired '' Vogtrechte'' (rights of advocacy or stewardship) over St. Trudpert's. The monastery reacted by the production of forged documents purporting to establish a higher ''
Vogt An , sometimes simply advocate, (German, ), or (French, ), was a type of medieval office holder, particularly important in the Holy Roman Empire, who was delegated some of the powers and functions of a major feudal lord, or for an institutio ...
ei'' of the Counts, later Dukes, of
Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...
, with the consequence that until their extinction in 1601 the Staufer functioned as under-Vögte of the Habsburgs. The Habsburg over-Vogtei also meant that the abbey became part of the lordship of Vorderösterreich and thus a Habsburg monastery. As such it was
secularised In sociology, secularization () is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism or irreligion, nor are they automatica ...
in 1806 and became part of the
Grand Duchy of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden () was a German polity on the east bank of the Rhine. It originally existed as a sovereign state from 1806 to 1871 and later as part of the German Empire until 1918. The duchy's 12th-century origins were as a Margravia ...
. Several medieval church and monastery buildings are evidenced, for example a rebuilding of the monastery in 902, and again (possibly after an attack by the
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
at the beginning of the 10th century) at some time before 962.


Buildings

The
basilica In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica (Greek Basiliké) was a large public building with multiple functions that was typically built alongside the town's forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek Eas ...
, with three aisles, was extended by the addition of a
westwork A westwork (), forepart, avant-corps or avancorpo is the monumental, west-facing entrance section ("west front") of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church. The exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers. The interior inc ...
in about 1100; in the 15th century new monastic buildings were constructed, as well as a
Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, a Germanic people **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Gothic alphabet, an alphabet used to write the Gothic language ** Gothic ( ...
long choir (''Langchor''). After the destruction of the claustral buildings by the Swedes in 1632 there followed an interim rebuild, which made way for the
Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...
new build between 1712 and 1716. The unparalleled stucco work on the high altar was created by
Johann Joseph Christian Johann Joseph Christian (12 February 1706 – 22 June 1777) was a German Baroque sculptor and woodcarver. His masterworks are considered to be the choir stalls in Zwiefalten Abbey and Ottobeuren Abbey. He was one of the few sculptors to wo ...
when his son Karl Anton Christian (1731–1810) became abbot here.''Germany: A Phaidon Cultural Guide''. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985. p. 648. Two crosses in
niello Niello is a black mixture, usually of sulphur, copper, silver, and lead, used as an inlay on engraved or etched metal, especially silver. It is added as a powder or paste, then fired until it melts or at least softens, and flows or is push ...
work from the 13th century have been preserved. From the monastery library comes a manuscript of the second half of the 14th century containing the " St. Trudperter Hohelied", the "first book of German mysticism", as it is sometimes known, a Lower
Alemannic German Alemannic, or rarely Alemannish (''Alemannisch'', ), is a group of High German dialects. The name derives from the ancient Germanic tribal confederation known as the Alemanni ("all men"). Distribution Alemannic dialects are spoken by approxi ...
text from the 12th century.


Sisters of St. Joseph of St. Trudpert

The
Sisters of St. Joseph of St. Trudpert The Sisters of St. Joseph of Saint-Marc (SJSM) are a Roman Catholic congregation of religious sisters, based in the town of Saint-Marc, Alsace, France. History The origins of the Congregation lie in their foundation in 1845 by the Abbé Pierre ...
took over the premises in 1919-1920 after their expulsion from
Alsace Alsace (, ; ) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in the Grand Est administrative region of northeastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine, next to Germany and Switzerland. In January 2021, it had a population of 1,9 ...
and have undertaken major construction work not only on the monastic buildings themselves but also on hospital and other medical building projects.


Abbots of St. Trudpert to 1543

* Humbertus (provost? abbot?) (833 or 878 ?) * Walderich (abbot) (902) * Adalbero (provost) (968) * Eberhard (abbot) (1144-1156) * R. (1181) * Hugo (1184-1189?) * Heinrich I (1186-1215) * Konrad (1216-1242) * Absolon (1242) * Werner I (1246-1288) * Werner II (1288-1302) * Bertold (1302-1310) * Heinrich II (1310-1319) * Werner III (1319-1354?) * Nikolaus I (1363?-1384) * Diethelm von Staufen (1384-1410) * Ulrich (1411) * Konrad Löser (1412-1432) * Paul I (1435-1455) * Nikolaus II Zeller (1455-1483) * Rudolf Schmidlin (1484-1487) * Othmar Arnold (1487-1505) * Ägidius (1505-1510) * Martin I Gyr (1510-1526) * Martin II Löffler (1529-1543) * ..


Notes


Sources

* Buhlmann, Michael, 2004. ''Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e. V., St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004, Tl. 1: A-M, Tl. 2: N-Z (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10/1-2)'', pp. 84f. St. Georgen. * Mangold, Klaus, 2003. ''Das Kreuz aus St. Trudpert in Münstertal, Schwarzwald, in der Staatlichen Ermitage St. Petersburg''. Munich: Hirmer. . * Quarthal, Franz (ed.), 1976. ''Die Benediktinerklöster in Baden-Württemberg'' (= Germania Benedictina, vol. 5), pp. 606–613. Ottobeuren. * Sebert, Werner, 1962. ''Die Benediktinerabtei St. Trudpert im Münstertal''. Karlsruhe, Technische Hochschule: dissertation.


External links

*
Kloster St. Trudpert official website
*
St. Trudpert in Text und Bild
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Trudpert's Abbey Benedictine monasteries in Germany Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg Christian monasteries established in the 7th century 1806 disestablishments Christian organizations established in 1920 Irish monastic foundations in continental Europe 7th-century churches in Germany