Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of

turtle Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked ...

s. It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921.

Genera

*'' Amphiorchis'' Price, 1934 *'' Baracktrema'' Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016 *'' Cardiotrema'' Dwivedi, 1967 *'' Carettacola'' Manter & Larson, 1950 *'' Cheloneotrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 *'' Coeuritrema'' Mehra, 1933 *'' Enterohaematotrema'' Mehra, 1940 *'' Hapalorhynchus'' Stunkard, 1922 *'' Hapalotrema'' Looss, 1899 *'' Learedius'' Price, 1934 *'' Monticellius'' Mehra, 1939 *'' Neocaballerotrema'' Simha, 1977 *'' Neospirorchis'' Price, 1934 *'' Plasmiorchis'' Mehra, 1934 *''

Platt __NOTOC__ Platt may refer to: Places * Platt, Austria * Platt, Florida, an unincorporated community in DeSoto County, Florida, United States * Platt, Kent, England People * Platt (surname) * Platt baronets, two baronetcies of the United Kin ...

'' Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018 *'' Satyanarayanotrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 *'' Shobanatrema'' Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 *'' Spirhapalum'' Ejsmont, 1927 *'' Spirorchis'' MacCallum, 1919 *'' Unicaecum'' Stunkard, 1925 *'' Uterotrema'' Platt & Pichelin, 1994 *'' Vasotrema'' Stunkard, 1928

Hosts

Freshwater spirorchiids have been reported to infect the freshwater snails ''

Helisoma trivolvis ''Planorbella trivolvis'' is a species of freshwater air-breathing snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral or left-coiling shells. Description All ...

Helisoma anceps ''Helisoma anceps'', common name the two-ridge rams-horn, is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.Bouchet, P. (2011). ''Helisoma anceps'' (Menke, 1830). Acces ...

, Physa sp.,

Menetus dilatatus ''Menetus dilatatus'' is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. Shell description The shell is small, of a yellowish green-color, minutel ...

, Ferrissia fragilis, Biomphalaria occide, Biomphalaria sudanica, Biomphalaria glabrata,

Biomphalaria tenagophila ''Biomphalaria tenagophila'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. This species is medically important pest, because of transferring the diseas ...

, Pomacea'' sp. and '' Indoplanorbis exustus'' as intermediate hosts.. Marine species have been reported to infect vermetid gastropods belonging to the genera ''

Thylacodes ''Thylacodes'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells. The species in this genus were previously placed in the genus ''Serpulorbis''. Unlike ...

'', ''

Thylaeodus ''Thylaeodus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Vermetidae The Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells, are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade L ...

'', and ''

Dendropoma ''Dendropoma'' is a genus of irregularly coiled sea snails known as "worm shells" or "worm snails". These are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Vermetidae, the worm snails. Species According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), ...

,'' and

terebellid The Terebellidae is a marine family of polychaete worms, of which the type taxon is ''Terebella'', described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. Characteristics Most terebellids live in burrows or crevices and ar ...

polychaetes belonging to the genera '' Amphitrite'' and '' Enoplobranchus'' as intermediate hosts. The cardiovascular parasites '' Learedius learedi'', ''

Hapalotrema postorchis ''Hapalotrema'' is a genus of trematodes belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *''Hapalotrema dorsopora'' *''Hapalotrema loossii'' *''Hapalotrema mehrai'' *''Hapalotrema mistroides'' *''Ha ...

'', '' Monticellius indicum'' and '' Amphiorchis solus'' have been found in the

green sea turtle The green sea turtle (''Chelonia mydas''), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle, is a species of large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Chelonia''. Its range ...

(''Chelonia mydas'').. ''

Spirhapalum siamensis ''Spirhapalum'' is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Spirorchiidae. Species: *''Spirhapalum elongatum'' *''Spirhapalum polesianum'' *''Spirhapalum siamense ''Spirhapalum'' is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Spirorch ...

'' is a parasite found in the heart of the Amboina box turtle (''Cuora amboinensis'')..

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3382492 Trematode families Diplostomida